Copyright (c) 2009 University of Nebraska - Lincoln All rights reserved. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes Recent documents in Cranes of the World, by Paul Johnsgard en-us Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:09:51 PST 3600 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/31 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/31 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:46:32 PST Other Vernacular Names: Whooper; Big white crane; Grue de Amerique, Grue blanche Americaine (French); Schreikranich, Trompeterkranich (German); Amerikanishiy krikpivy zhuravl (Russian); Grulla griteria, Grulla blanca (Spanish). Range: Breeds in Wood Buffalo National Park, Northwest Territories. Migratory, wintering at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, coastal Texas. Formerly much more widespread, breeding south to North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois, and reported from as far west as Utah, east to Cape May New Jersey, and south to coastal Louisiana. Birds hatched from eggs recently transported to Grays Lake, southeastern Idaho, have been reared by greater sandhill cranes and now winter with them in the Rio Grande area of south-central New Mexico. Paul A. Johnsgard http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/30 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/30 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:42:29 PST Other Vernacular Names: Japanese white-necked crane; Ts-ang-kua (Chinese); Grue á cour blanc (French); Weissnacken-Kranich (German); Mana-zuru (Japanese); Dachkai zhuravl (Russian); Grulla de cuelle blanco (Spanish). Range: Breeds on the Transbaikalian steppes probably from the Onon and Argun rivers eastward through northwestern and central Manchuria to the southern Ussuri Valley, the basin of Lake Khanka, and in southwestern Ussuriland. Known recent breeding areas (Yamashina, 1978) include the marshlands around the central part of the Primorskiy Kraj (Maritime Territory), the middle drainage of the Amur River (from the upper Zeya to the Bureya and the Archara), and in northwestern Manchuria (Jaranton). Also breeds in eastern Mongolia to headwaters of the Kerulin River (Bold, 1981). Migratory, wintering in Korea, in southern Japan (Arasaki, Kyushu), and (formerly) on the lower Hwang and Yangtze rivers of eastern China, with vagrants sometimes reaching Fukien and Taiwan. Paul A. Johnsgard http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/29 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/29 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:38:56 PST Other Vernacular Names: Great African wattled crane; Grue caroncule (French); Glockenkranich, Klunkerkranich (German); Hooka Zuru (Japanese); Asbrikanskiy Sorodavachaty (Russian); Mothlathomo (Sotho, Sesuto); Grulla zarzo (Spanish); Makalanga (Zambian). Range: Resident in eastern and southern Africa, from Ethiopia in the north southward discontinuously through southern Tanzania (apparently absent from Kenya and northern Tanzania) and Mozambique to the Transvaal and Natal, and westward to southern Angola and Namibia (South West Africa), in the latter area breeding locally only. Now extirpated from Cape Province and Orange Free State, and probably declining elsewhere (West, 1976) Paul A. Johnsgard http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/28 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/28 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:36:51 PST Of all avian sounds, few have the power to catch the human imagination and thrill the senses as much as does the bugling of a flock of distant cranes. Leopold (1949) referred to the progressively louder sounds of an approaching flock of sandhill cranes as "a tinkling of little bells," the "baying of some sweet-throated hound," and finally as "a pandemonium of trumpets, rattles, croaks, and cries." The Greeks called it "iangling," and most recent writers have compared the calls of typical Grus cranes to trumpets or bugles. In doing so, they have inadvertently drawn attention to the similarity of the calls to the sounds generated by musical instruments, and it is important to investigate the similarities and dissimilarities between the vocalizations of cranes and the sounds generated from man-made musical instruments. Paul A. Johnsgard http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/27 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/27 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:31:24 PST Other Vernacular Names: Siberian white crane, Asiatic White Crane; Grue nonne, Grue blanche d'Asie (French); Nonnenkranich, Schnee-Kranich, Weisse indische Kranich (German); Sod egura-zuru (Japanese); Sterch, Belyi zhuravl (Russian); Grulla siberiana, Grulla blanco (Spanish). Range: Known breeding areas are currently only two. The first is from about the confluence of the Ob and Irtysh rivers north to the region of Berezovo, and the second is from the basin of the Indigirka (from its mouth south to the Moma River) west to the Khroma River and the lower Yana. Other possible breeding areas may extend the second range east to the lower Kolyma and west to the region east of the lower Lena River. Possibly breeding also occurs or once occurred in the valley of the lower Vilyuy and on the Vitim Plateau and, in the west, the swamps north of the Baraba steppe. Breeding was formerly much more extensive, and included the Kirghiz and Siberian steppes, and per haps from southeastern Transbaikalia to northern Morlgolia and northern Manchuria (Vaurie, 1965). Wintering occurs (rarely) in the south Caspian (Iran), and in the Keoladeo Ghana Sanctuar y, near Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India. The east Siberian breeding population winters in the Yangtze Basin of eastern China, in the swampy parts of northern Jiangxi Province (Tso-hsin Cheng, in lit.). Paul A. Johnsgard http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/26 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/26 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:27:02 PST Other Vernacular Names: Sharpe's crane; Khur-sang, Korchan (Assam); Grue antigone tropicale, Grue á collier (French); Sarus-kranich, Halsbandkranich (German); Saras, Sirhans (Hindi); O-O zuru (Japanese); Belyi zhuravl (Russian); Grulla blanco cue110 (Spanish). Range: Resident in northern India, east to Burma, on the Malay Peninsula, and in Indo-Chinese countries, and in northern Australia. Probably extirpated from the Philippine Islands, and perhaps also from Burma, Thailand, and Malaysia. Paul A. Johnsgard http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/25 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/25 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:24:59 PST Other Vernacular Names: Canadian crane, Little brown crane; Grue du Canada (French); Kanadischer Kranich (German); Kanada-zuru (Japanese): Kanadaski zhuravl (Russian); Grulla del Canada (Spanish). Range: Breeds in extreme northeastern Siberia and in North America from Alaska to Baffin Island, south to northeastern Colorado, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Additional nonmigratory populations exist in Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Cuba, and the Isle of Pines. The migratory races winter from California and Baja California eastward to New Mexico, Texas, and Florida. The breeding range was formerly much more extensive in the United States, extending south to Nebraska, Indiana, and Ohio. Paul A. Johnsgard http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/24 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/24 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:22:34 PST The following list of more than 400 references is by no means a complete bibliography of cranes, but does include a few titles that for various reasons were not specifically cited in the text. Walkinshaw's (1973) monograph contains a large number of citations not found in the present list, and he additionally has recently (1981c) updated and supplemented his earlier bibliography. All told, his two citation lists include nearly 2,500 citations. Nearly 40 percent of the 1973 list deals with the whooping crane, 20 percent with the sandhill crane, 15 percent with the Eurasian crane, and 8 percent with the Australian crane. Each of the remaining nine species individually comprise no more than 4 percent of the citations, and the Siberian, Japanese, white-naped, demoiselle, and hooded cranes each make up no more than 1 percent. It is thus apparent that at least the English literature on cranes is strongly biased toward the whooping and sandhill cranes, and that many fundamental studies remain to be undertaken on the majority of the cranes of the world. It is especially unfortunate that the literature on four of the world's endangered or vulnerable species (Siberian, Japanese, whitenaped, and hooded) is still so scanty, considering the importance of a proper understanding of their biology and management if they are to be preserved from extinction. Paul A. Johnsgard http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/23 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/23 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:20:51 PST Origins of scientific and vernacular names of cranes Paul A. Johnsgard http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/22 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscicranes/22 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 08:18:29 PST Key to the Families of Gruoidea Key to Cranes of the World Paul A. Johnsgard