The mission of USDA APHIS Wildlife Services (WS) is to provide federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts to allow people and wildlife to coexist. Wildlife Services conducts program delivery, research, and other activities through its regional and state offices, the National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), its field stations, as well as through its national programs.

2009

Predator and Heterospecific Stimuli Alter Behavior in Cattle, Bryan M. Kluever, Larry D. Howery, Stewart W. Breck, and David L. Bergman

Bird Damage to Corn and Sunflower in North Dakota, George M. Linz, Anthony A. Slowik, Linda B. Penry, and H. Jeffrey Homan

Sperm Design and Variation in the New World Blackbirds (Icteridae), Stefan Lüpold, George M. Linz, and Tim R. Birkhead

Sperm Competition Selects Beyond Relative Testes Size in Birds, Stefan Lupold, George M. Linz, James W. Rivers, David F. Westneat, and Tim R. Birkhead

White-Tailed Deer Herbivory and Timber Harvesting Rates: Implications for Regeneration Success, Brad F. Miller, Tyler A. Campbell, Benjamin R. Laseter, W. Mark Ford, and Karl V. Miller

Factors contributing to the success of a single-shot, multiyear PZP immunocontraceptive vaccine for white-tailed deer, Lowell A. Miller, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Donald C. Wagner, and Gary J. Killian

Physiological Stress Response of Captive White-Tailed Deer to Video Collars, Remington Moll, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Jeff Beringer, Joel Sartwell, Rami Woods, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Alkaline Hydrolysis of Mouse-Adapted Scrapie for Inactivation and Disposal of Prion-Positive Material, R. G. L. Murphy, J. A. Scanga, B. E. Powers, J. L. Pilon, K. C. VerCauteren, P. B. Nash, G. C. Smith, and K. E. Belk

Prevalence of Antibodies to West Nile Virus and Other Arboviruses among Crested Caracaras (Caracara cheriway) in Florida, Nicole M. Nemeth, James F. Dwyer, Joan L. Morrison, and James D. Fraser

Humoral Immunity to West Nile Virus Is Long-Lasting and Protective in the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Nicole M. Nemeth, Paul T. Oesterle, and Richard A. Bowen

West Nile virus detection in nonvascular feathers from avian carcasses, Nicole M. Nemeth, Ginger R. Young, Kristen L. Burkhalter, Aaron C. Brault, William K. Reisen, and Nicholas Komar

Detection of Protease-Resistant Cervid Prion Protein in Water From a CWD-Endemic Area, T. A. Nichols, Bruce Pulford, A. Christy Wyckoff, Crystal Meyerett, Brady Michel, Kevin Gertig, Edward A. Hoover, Jean E. Jewell, Glenn C. Telling, and Mark D. Zabel

Experimental Infection of Richardson’s Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Richardsonii ) With Attenuated and Virulent Strains pf Brucella abortus, Pauline Nol, Steven C. Olsen, and Jack C. Rhyan

Experimental Infection of Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with Varying Doses of West Nile Virus, Paul T. Oesterle, Nicole M. Nemeth, Kaci K. VanDalen, Heather Sullivan, Kevin T. Bentler, Ginger R. Young, Robert G. McLean, Larry Clark, Cynthia Smeraski, and Jeffrey S. Hall

Development and Characterization of 15 Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci Isolated From Rafinesque’s Big-Eared Bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Julia A. Figueroa, and Susan L. Perkins

Eight Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci Developed and Characterized From Townsend’s Big-Eared Bat, Corynorhinus Townsendii, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Katie Erin G. Miller, Marjorie D. Matocq, and Susan L. Perkins

Intraspecific Comparison of Population Structure, Genetic Diversity, and Dispersal Among Three Subspecies of Townsend’s Big-Eared Bats, Corynorhinus townsendii townsendii, C. t. pallescens, and the Endangered C. t. birginianus, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Kirk W. Navo, and Craig W. Stihler

Development of 10 Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci Isolated From The Mountain Beaver, Aplodontia rufa rufa (Rafinesque), Antoinette J. Piaggio, Melissa A. Neubaum, Hesther Yueh, Carol E. Ritland, John J. Johnston, and Susan L. Perkins

Feasibility of Infectious Prion Digestion Using Mild Conditions and Commercial Subtilisin, John L. Pilona, Paul B. Nash, Terry Arver, Don Hoglund, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Feasibility of infectious prion digestion using mild conditions and commercial subtilisin, John L. Pilon, Paul B. Nash, Terry Arver, Don Hoglund, and Kurt C. Vercauteren

Black Bear Activity and Visitation Patterns at Human Food Sources in Utah, Dustin Ranglack, Kari Signor, Kevin Bunnell, and John Shivik

Declining Mortality in American Crow (Corvus Brachyrhynchos) Following Natural West Nile Virus Infection, Lisa M. Reed, Michael A. Johansson, Nicholas Panella, Robert McLean, Terry Creekmore, Rose Puelle, and Nicholas Komar

Pathogenesis And Epidemiology Of Brucellosis In Yellowstone Bison: Serologic And Culture Results From Adult Females And Their Progeny, Jack C. Rhyan, Keith Aune, Thomas Roffe, Darla Ewalt, Steve Hennager, Tom Gidlewski, Steve Olsen, and Ryan Clarke

Serologic Evidence of Avian Influenza (H4N6) Exposure in a Wild-Caught Raccoon, Nathan M. Roberts, David J. Henzler, and Larry Clark

Landscape Genetics of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Associated with Ridges and Valleys of Pennsylvania: Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination Programs, J. Jeffrey Root, Robert B. Puskas, Justin W. Fischer, Craig B. Swope, Melissa A. Neubaum, Serena A. Reeder, and Antoinette J. Piaggio

Assessing Allowable Take of Migratory Birds, Michael Runge, John Sauer, Michael L. Avery, Bradley F. Blackwell, and Mark Koneff

Capturing and Handling Wild Animals, Sanford D. Schemnitz, Gordon R. Batcheller, Matthew J. Lovallo, H. Bryant White, and Michael W. Fall

Observations of neck-collared Canada geese near John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York, Thomas W. Seamans, Scott E. Clemons, and Allen L. Gosser

Captive Coyotes Compared to Their Counterparts in the Wild: Does Environmental Enrichment Help?, John A. Shivik, Gernrna L. Palmer, Eric M. Gese, and Britta Osthaus

Benefit Cost Scenarios of Potential Oral Rabies Vaccination for Skunks in California, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Ray T. Sterner, Robert Hale, Michele T. Jay, Ben Sun, and Dennis Slate

Oral Rabies Vaccination in North America: Opportunities, Complexities, and Challenges, Dennis Slate, Timothy P. Algeo, Kathleen M. Nelson, Richard B. Chipman, Dennis Donovan, Jesse D. Blanton, Michael Niezgoda, and Charles E. Rupprecht

Antemortem Detection Of Prpcwd in Preclinical, Ranch-Raised Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus nelson) by Biopsy of the Rectal Mucosa, Terry R. Spraker, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Thomas Gidlewski, David A. Schneider, Randy Munger, Aru Balachandran, and Katherine I. O’Rourke

Impact of Age and Sex of Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus nelson) on Follicle Counts From Rectal Mucosal Biopsies for Preclinical Detection of Chronic Wasting Disease, Terry R. Spraker, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Tom L. Gidlewski, Randy D. Munger, W. David Walter, and Aru Balachandran Walter

The Economics of Threatened Species Conservation: A Review and Analysis, Ray T. Sterner

Tactics and Economics of Wildlife Oral Rabies Vaccination, Canada and the United States, Ray T. Sterner, Martin I. Meltzer, Stephanie A. Shwiff, and Dennis Slate

Evaluation of an Epitope-Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Domestic and Wild Avian and Mammalian Species, Heather J. Sullivan, Bradley J. Blitvich, Kaci K. VanDalen, Kevin T. Bentler, Alan B. Franklin, and J. Jeffrey Root

An Overview of the International Beaver Ecology and Management Workshop, Jimmy Taylor II, David Bergman, and Dale L. Nolte

Evolving Bird Management Research at the USDA Wildlife Service’s National Wildlife Research Center, Mark Tobin

Longevity of Dayglo Fluorescent Particle Marker Used to Mark Birds in Flight Pen and Field, Shelagh K. Tupper, John L. Cummings, and Richard M. Engeman

Invasive Litter, Not an Invasive Insectivore, Determines Invertebrate Communities in Hawaiian Forests, Nathania C. Tuttle, Karen H. Beard, and William C. Pitt

Monitoring Exposure to Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Mammals, Kaci K. Vandalen, Susan A. Shriner, Heather J. Sullivan, J. Jeffrey Root, and Alan B. Franklin

Deer Guards and Bump Gates for Excluding White-Tailed Deer From Fenced Resources, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Nathan Seward, Michael J. Lavelle, Justin W. Fischer, and Gregory Phillips

Working Dogs: The Last Line of Defense for Preventing Dispersal of Brown Treesnakes from Guam, Daniel S. Vice, Richard M. Engeman, Marc A. Hall, and Craig S. Clark

Regional assessment on influence of landscape configuration and connectivity on range size of white-tailed deer, W. David Walter, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Henry Campa III, William R. Clark, Justin W. Fischer, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Nancy E. Mathews, Clayton K. Nielsen, Eric M. Schauber, Timothy R. Van Deelen, and Scott R. Winterstein

Crop, Native Vegetation, and Biofuels: Response of White- Tailed Deer to Changing Management Priorities, W. David Walter, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Jason Gilsdorf, and Scott E. Hygnstrom

Parasite Species Associated With Wild Plateau Pika (Ochotona Curzoniae) In Southeastern Qinghai Province, China, Chengmin Wang, Hongxuan He, Ming Li, Fumin Lei, J. Jeffrey Root, Yanyun Wu, and Jianhua Qin

Options for the Control of Disease 3: Targeting the Environment, Alastair Ward, Kurt C. Vercauteren, W. David Walter, Emmanuellle Gilot-Fromont, Sophie Rossi, Gareth Edwards- Jones, Mark S. Lambert, Michael R. Hutchings, and Richard J. Delahay

Threshold Concentrations of an Anthraquinone-Based Repellent for Canada Geese, Red-Winged Blackbirds, and Ring-Necked Pheasants, Scott J. Werner, James C. Carlson, Shelagh K. Tupper, Michele M. Santer, and George M. Linz

Evaluation and Development of Blackbird Repellents for Agricultural Applications, Scott J. Werner, Shelagh Tupper, George M. Linz, and H. Jeffrey Homan

Avian Use of Rice-Baited Trays Attached to Cages with Live Decoy Blackbirds in Central North Dakota: Research Update, Jamison Winter, George M. Linz, and William Bleier

Human Dimensions of Invasive Vertebrate Species Management, Gary W. Witmer, G. M. Keirn, N. Hawley, C. Martin, and J. K. Reaser

Vole Problems, Management Options, and Research Needs in the United States, Gary W. Witmer, Nathan P. Snow, L. Humberg, and T. Salmon

Influence of Vitamin K-Rich Plant Foods on Anticoagulant Baiting Efficacy in Wild House Mice, Wild Norway Rats, and Wild Black Rats, G. W. Witmer and P. W. Burke

Feral Swine Contact With Domestic Swine: A Serologic Survey and Assessment of Potential for Disease Transmission, A. Christy Wyckoff, Scott E. Henke, Tyler A. Campbell, David G. Hewitt, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Biomphalaria havanensis Identified as a Potential Intermediate Host for the Digenetic Trematode Bolbophoms damnificus, Marlena Yost, Linda Pote, David J. Wise, Brian Dorr, and Terry Richardson

2008

Anatomy of the Cape Cod Oral Rabies Vaccination Program, Timothy P. Algeo, Richard B. Chipman, Brian M. Bjorklund, Monte D. Chandler, Xingtai Wang, Dennis Slate, and Charles E. Rupprecht

Nicarbazin bait reduces reproduction by pigeons (Columba livia), Michael L. Avery, Kandy L. Keacher, and Eric A. Tillman

Bird Use of Stormwater-Management Ponds: Decreasing Avian Attractants on Airports, Bradley F. Blackwell, Laurence Schafer, David Helon, and Michael Linnell

Foods Scraps Composting and Vector Control, Bradley F. Blackwell and Thomas W. Seamans

Mammalian Visitation to Candidate Feral Swine Attractants, Tyler A. Campbell and David B. Long

Estimating Population Size of Mexican Wolves Noninvasively (Arizona), C. A. Cariappa, Warren Ballard, Stewart W. Breck, Antoinette J. Piaggio, and Melissa Neubaum

Non-Lethal Management to Reduce Conflicts with Winter Urban Crow Roosts in New York: 2002 - 2007, Richard B. Chipman, Travis L. DeVault, Dennis Slate, Kenneth J. Preusser, Mark S. Carrara, Joshua W. Friers, and Timothy P. Algeo

Downside Risk of Wildlife Translocation, R. Chipman, D. Slate, C. Rupprecht, and M. Mendoza

Physiological effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunocontraception on white-tailed deer, Paul D. Curtis, Milo E. Richmond, Lowell A. Miller, and Fred W. Quimby

Mammalian Hazards at Small Airports in Indiana: Impact of Perimeter Fencing, Travis DeFault, Jacob Kubel, David Glista, and Olin E. Rhodes Jr.

Evaluation of Aerial Cluster Sampling of Double-Crested Cormorants on Aquaculture Ponds in Mississippi, Brian S. Dorr, Loren W. Burger Jr., and Scott C. Barras

Avoidance of hydrolyzed casein by mice, Kristin L. Field, Bruce A. Kimball, Julie A. Mennella, Gary K. Beauchamp, and Alexander A. Bachmanov

Historic and Recent Distributions of Elk in Nebraska, Kent A. Fricke, Michael A. Cover, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Hugh H. Genoways, Scott R. Groepper, Kit Hams, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

An Integrated Vehicle-Mounted Telemetry System for VHF Telemetry Applications, Jason Gilsdorf, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Scott E. Hygnstrom, W. David Walter, Justin Boner, and Greg Clements

An Integrated Vehicle-Mounted Telemetry System for VHF Telemetry Applications, Jason Gilsdorf, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Scott E. Hygnstrom, W. David Walter, Justin Boner, and Greg Clements

Deer Impact on Vegetation in Natural Areas in Southeastern Nebraska, Joseph Gubanyi, Julie A. Savidge, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Gary W. Garabrandt, and Seth Korte

Managing Deer Damage in Nebraska, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Stephen M. VanTassel, Bruce D. Trindle, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

A Grower’s Guide for Planting Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots, George M. Linz, H. Jeffrey Homan, Heath M. Hagy, Jon M. Raetzman, Linda B. Penry, and William J. Bleier

Overwintering Site Selection by Short-Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma hernandesi) in Northeastern Colorado, Tom Mathies and Daniel J. Martin

The Single-Shot GnRH Immunocontraceptive Vaccine (GonaConTM ) in White-Tailed Deer: Comparison of Several GnRH Preparations, Lowell A. Miller, James P. Gionfriddo, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Jack C. Rhyan, and Gary J. Killian

GnRH immunocontraception of male and female white-tailed deer fawns, Lowell A. Miller, James P. Gionfriddo, Jack C. Rhyan, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Donald C. Wagner, and Gary J. Killian

Breeding Red-winged Blackbird Response to Conspecific Models Placed in Pre-copulatory Position: Implications for Reproductive Control, Laurel L. Moulton, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Passive Immunity to West Nile Virus Provides Limited Protection in a Common Passerine Species, Nicole M. Nemeth, Paul T. Oesterle, and Richard A. Bowen

Efficacy of Oral and Parenteral Routes of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin Vaccination Against Experimental Bovine Tuberculosis in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): A Feasibility Study, P. Nol, M. V. Palmer, W. R. Waters, F. E. Aldwell, B. M. Buddle, J. M. Triantis, L. M. Linke, G. E. Phillips, T. C. Thacker, J. C. Rhyan, M. D. Salman, and M. R. Dunbar

Evaluation of Stop-level vs. Route-level Breeding Bird Survey Counts for Modeling the Influence of Land Use and Climate on Breeding Blackbird Abundance in North Dakota, Michelle L. Petersen, George M. Linz, Greg Forcey, Wayne Thogmartin, and William J. Bleier

Isolation of microsatellite loci from the coqui frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, Maureen B. Peters, Karen H. Beard, Cris Hagen, Eric M. O'Neill, Karen E. Mock, and William Pitt

Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phylostomidae), Antoinette J. Piaggio, John J. Johnston, and Susan L. Perkins

Evaluation of an Integrated Non-Lethal Canada Goose Management Program in New York (2004 - 2006), Stacy E. Preusser, Tom W. Seamans, Allen L. Gosser, and Richard B. Chipman

Oral Rabies Vaccination of a Northern Ohio Raccoon Population: Relevance of Population Density and Prebait Serology, Paul Ramey, Bradley F. Blackwell, Robert Gates, and Richard Slemons

Foot-And-Mouth Disease In North American Bison (Bison Bison) And Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni): Susceptibility, Intra- And Interspecies Transmission, Clinical Signs, And Lesions, Jack Rhyan, Ming Deng, He Wang, Gordon Ward, Thomas Gidlewski, Matthew McCollum, Samia Metwally, Thomas McKenna, Sherrilyn Wainwright, Antonio Ramirez, Charles Mebus, and Mo Salman

Comparison of Electrified Mats and Cattle Guards to Control White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Access through Fences, Thomas W. Seamans and David Helon

Evaluation of an electrified mat as a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) barrier, Thomas W. Seamans and David A. Helon

Just Green Iguanas? The Associated Costs and Policy Implications of Exotic Invasive Wildlife in South Florida, Arthur Sementelli, Henry T. Smith, Walter E. Meshaka Jr., and Richard M. Engeman

Estimating the efficacy of DRC-1339-treated rice bait in blackbird staging areas in North Dakota using a bioenergetics simulation, Randal S. Stahl, John J. Johnston, and George M. Linz

Skunk Rabies in California (1992–2003)—Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination, Ray T. Sterner, Ben Sun, Jean B. Bourassa, Robert L. Hale, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Michele T. Jay, and Dennis Slate

Livestock Protection Dogs for Deterring Deer From Cattle and Feed, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, and Gregory Phillips

Food color, flavor, and conditioned avoidance among red-winged blackbirds, Scott J. Werner, Bruce A. Kimball, and Frederick D. Provenza

Avian Use of Rice-Baited Trays Attached to Cages with Live Decoy Blackbirds in Central North Dakota, Jamison B. Winter, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

2007

Evaluation of Remote Trap Monitors

National Wildlife Research Center: Research Update Summer 2007

Solutions Through Science: Economics of Wildlife Damage Management

Mountain Beaver: A Primitive Fossorial Rodent, Wendy M. Arjo

REDUCING NON-TARGET HAZARDS OF RODENTICIDES IN FOREST SETTINGS, Wendy M. Arjo and David T. Bryson

CHANGES IN KIT FOX-COYOTE-PREY RELATIONSHIPS IN THE GREAT BASIN DESERT, UTAH, Wendy M. Arjo, Eric M. Gese, Tim J. Bennett, and Adam J. Kozlowski

Mountain beaver home ranges, habitat use, and population dynamics in Washington, W. M. Arjo, R. E. Huenefeld, and D. L. Nolte