The mission of USDA APHIS Wildlife Services (WS) is to provide federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts to allow people and wildlife to coexist. Wildlife Services conducts program delivery, research, and other activities through its regional and state offices, the National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), its field stations, as well as through its national programs.

2007

Comparative Patterns of Predation by Cougars and Recolonizing Wolves in Montana’s Madison Range, Todd C. Atwood, Eric M. Gese, and Kyran E. Kunkel

Coyotes as Sentinels for Monitoring Bovine Tuberculosis Prevalence in White-Tailed Deer, Todd C. Atwood, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Thomas J. DeLiberto, Holly J. Smith, and Justin S. Stevenson

INTERLEUKIN-6 AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA VALUES IN ELK NEONATES, Shannon M. Barber-Meyer, Craig R. Johnson, Michael P. Murtaugh, L. David Mech, and P.J. White

A Hierarchical Analysis of Habitat Selection by Raccoons in Northern Indiana, James C. Beasley, Travis L. DeVault, Monica I. Retamosa, and Olin E. Rhodes Jr.

Genetic Tagging Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer Using Hair Snares, Jerrold L. Belant, Thomas W. Seamans, and David Paetkau

SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE OF WEST NILE VIRUS EXPOSURE IN NORTH AMERICAN MESOPREDATORS, Kevin T. Bentler, Jeffrey S. Hall, J. Jeffrey Root, Kaci Klenk, Brandon S. Schmit, Bradley F. Blackwell, Paul C. Ramey, and Larry Clark

SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE OF WEST NILE VIRUS EXPOSURE IN NORTH AMERICAN MESOPREDATORS, Kevin T. Bentler, Jeffrey S. Hall, J . Jeffrey Root, Kaci Klenk, Brandon S. Schmit, Bradley F. Blackwell, Paul C. Ramey, and Larry Clark

RESEARCH STRATEGIES OF THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER TO CONTROL BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN WILDLIFE IN MICHIGAN, USA, A. R. Berentsen, M. R. Dunbar, and R. G. McLean

CURRENT AND HISTORICAL USE OF ALPHA-CHLORALOSE ON WILD TURKEYS, David Bergman, Brian F. Wakeling, Timothy B. Veenendaal, John D. Eisemann, and Thomas W. Seamans

Demographics of Black Vultures in North Carolina, Bradley F. Blackwell, Michael L. Avery, Bryan D. Watts, and Martin S. Lowney

RESEARCH STRATEGIES TO REDUCE BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION FROM WILDLIFE TO CATTLE, Are R. Brentensen, Mike R. Dunbar, and Robert G. McLean

Nicarbazin OvoControl G Bait Reduces Hatchability of Eggs Laid by Resident Canada Geese in Oregon, Kimberly Bynum, John D. Eisemann, Gary C. Weaver, Christi A. Yoder, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, and Lowell A. Miller

SPECIES-SPECIFIC VISITATION AND REMOVAL OF BAITS FOR DELIVERY OF PHARMACEUTICALS TO FERAL SWINE, Tyler A. Campbell and David B. Long

Species-Specific Visitation And Removal Of Baits For Delivery Of Pharmaceuticals To Feral Swine, Tyler A. Campbell and David B. Long

Relaxin as a diagnostic tool for pregnancy in the coyote (Canis latrans), Debra A. Carlson and Eric M. Gese

MODELING COSTS OF USING OVOCONTROL G FOR MANAGING NUISANCE CANADA GOOSE (BRANTA CANADENSIS) POPULATIONS, Joe N. Caudell and Stephanie A. Shwiff

Rats dying for mice: Modeling the competitor release effect, Stephane Caut, Jorge G. Casanovas, Emilio Virgos, Jorge Lozano, Gary W. Witmer, and Franck Courchamp

USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services Research Needs Assessment 2006, Larry Clark, David Nelson, and Kirk Gustad

Pathophysiology of white-tailed deer vaccinated with porcine zona pellucida immunocontraceptive, Paul D. Curtis, Milo E. Richmond, Lowell A. Miller, and Fred W. Quimby

Oneida Lake’s Cormorant Harassment Program – Frequently Asked Questions, Travis L. DeVault

Intrafield patterns of wildlife damage to corn and soybeans in northern Indiana, Travis L. DeVault, James C. Beasley, Lee A. Humberg, Brian J. MacGowan, Monica I. Retamosa, and Olin E. Rhodes Jr.

CTENOSAURA SIMILIS (Black Spiny-tailed Iguana) PREDATION, Richard M. Engeman, Missy L. Christie, Bernice Constantin, and Robert Christie

Adaptive and economic management methods for feral hog control in Florida, Richard M. Engeman, Bernice U. Constantin, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Henry T. Smith, John Woolard, John Allen, and John Dunlap

GOPHERUS POLYPHEMUS (Gopher Tortoise) MORTALITY, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, and Gregory S. Kaufman

Feral swine management for conservation of an imperiled wetland habitat: Florida’s vanishing seepage slopes, Richard M. Engeman, Amanda Stevens, John Allen, Jon Dunlap, Marty Dunlap, Dennis Teague, and Bernice Constantin

An extraordinary patch of feral hog damage in Florida before and after initiating hog removal, Richard M. Engeman, John Woolard, Henry T. Smith, Jean Bourassa, Bernice U. Constantin, and Daniel Griffin

Lagomorph and rodent responses to two protein hydrolysates, Julia A. Figueroa, Bruce A. Kimball, and Kelly R. Perry

Influence of land use and climate on wetland breeding birds in the Prairie Pothole region of Canada, G. M. Forcey, G. M. Linz, W. E. Thogmartin, and W. J. Bleier

A REVIEW OF BIOMARKERS USED FOR WILDLIFE DAMAGE AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT, Tricia L. Fry and Mike R. Dunbar

Use of Implanted Radiotransmitters to Estimate Survival of Greater Sage-Grouse Chicks, Michael A. Gregg, Mike R. Dunbar, and John A. Crawford

Mosquito Landing Rates on Nesting American Robins (Turdus migratorius), Sean M. Griffing, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Larry Clark, and Peter P. Marra

ARE SUNFLOWER FIELDS FOR THE BIRDS?, Heath M. Hagy, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Distribution and disease prevalence of feral hogs in Missouri, R. Edwin Hartin, Mark R. Ryan, and Tyler A. Campbell

LABORATORY FINDINGS IN ACUTE CYTAUXZOON FELIS INFECTION IN COUGARS (PUMA CONCOLOR COUGUAR) IN FLORIDA, John W. Harvey, Mike R. Dunbar, Terry M. Norton, and Michael J. Yabsley

Coyote Investigative Behavior Following Removal of Novel Stimuli, Daniel J. Heffernan, William F. Andelt, and John A. Shivik

Wildlife Disease Management: An Insurmountable Challenge?, Scott E. Henke, Alan M. Fedynich, and Tyler A. Campbell

FIELD METHOD FOR ANALYZING BIRDS FOR AVICIDE 3-CHLORO-P-TOLUIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE, Jerome C. Hurley, Patricia A. Pipas, Shelagh K. Tupper, John L. Cummings, and Randal S. Stahl

Daytime cover, diet and space-use of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in agro-ecosystems of Bangladesh, Michael M. Jaeger, Emdadul Haque, Parvin Sultana, and Richard L. Bruggers

ASSESSING RODENTICIDE HAZARDS: IMPROVING THE ART AND SCIENCE OF RISK ASSESSMENT, John J. Johnston

Population-Based Fish Consumption Survey and Probabilistic Methylmercury Risk Assessment, John J. Johnston and Jamie L. Snow

DEVELOPMENT OF TEST PARADIGMS FOR OPERANT CONDITIONING OF WILD NORWAY RATS, Susan M. Jojola, Patrick W. Burke, Gary W. Witmer, and Dale L. Nolte

ORAL RABIES VACCINE (ORV) BAIT UPTAKE BY CAPTIVE STRIPED SKUNKS, Susan M. Jojola, Stacie J. Robinson, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Effects of Coyote Population Reduction on Swift Fox Demographics in Southeastern Colorado, Seija M. Karki, Eric M. Gese, and Mead L. Klavetter

OPHISAURUS VENTRALIS (Eastern Glass Lizard). FIRE-INDUCED MORTALITY, Greg Kaufmann, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman, Walter E. Meshaka Jr., and Ernest M. Cowan

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR ADDRESSING WILDLIFE DISEASE TRANSMISSION: THE CASE FOR FERTILITY CONTROL, Gary Killian, Kathleen Fagerstone, Terry Kreeger, Lowell Miller, and Jack Rhyan

Do herbivores associate flavors with specific consequences in flavor aversion learning?, Bruce A. Kimball and Vida Billings

Crop diversification leads to diverse bird problems in Hawaiian agriculture, Marni E. Koopman and William C. Pitt

Birds, George M. Linz and Jim Hanzel

Evaluation of Caffeine and Garlic Oil as Bird Repellents, George M. Linz, H. Jeffrey Homan, Linda B. Penry, Thomas M. Primus, and Margaret J. Goodall

BLACKBIRD USE OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SUNFLOWER PLOTS, George M. Linz, Jonathan M. Raetzman, Heath M. Hagy, H. Jeffrey Homan, and William J. Bleier

BLACKBIRD USE OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SUNFLOWER PLOTS, George M. Linz, Jonathan M. Raetzman, Heath M. Hagy, H. Jeffrey Homan, and William J. Bleier

Review of Infectious Diseases of Wild Rodents By Dennis Padovan, Robert G. McLean

The Introduction and Emergence of Wildlife Diseases in North America, Robert G. McLean

AVIAN INFLUENZA IN WILD BIRDS: ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING FOR THE RAPID DETECTION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES, Robert G. McLean, Jeffrey S. Hall, Alan B. Franklin, Heather Sullivan, Kaci K. VanDalen, Susan A. Shriner, Matthew Farnsworth, Paul Oesterle, Ginger Young, Jenny Carlson, Kacy Cobble, Stacey Elmore, Ted Anderson, Sean Hauser, Kevin Bentler, Nicole Mooers, Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Tom Deliberto, and Seth Swafford

GREEN IGUANAS (IGUANA IGUANA): THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE OF SOUND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN A SOUTH FLORIDA PARK, Walter E. Meshaka Jr., Henry T. Smith, Elizabeth Golden, Jon A. Moore, Stephanie Fitchett, Ernest M. Cowan, Richard M. Engeman, Stacey R. Sekscienski, and Heather L. Cress

Dominance and neophobia in coyote (Canis latrans) breeding pairs, Alex Edward Mettler and John Anthony Shivik

Stress Response of Working African Elephants to Transportation and Safari Adventures, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Tarryne Burke, Gus Van Dyk, Rob Slotow, Brian E. Washburn, and Rami J. Woods

Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Diet of Coyotes in the Chicago Metropolitan Area, Paul S. Morey and Eric M. Gese

Does interference competition with wolves limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes?, Kim Murray Berger and Eric M. Gese

Does interference competition with wolves limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes?, Kim Murray Berger and Eric M. Gese

20,25-Diazacholesterol as an oral contraceptive for black-tailed prairie dog population management, Paul Nash, Carol A. Furcolow, Kimberly S. Bynum, Christi A. Yoder, Lowell A. Miller, and John J. Johnston

USE OF ALPHA-CHLORALOSE BY USDA WILDLIFE SERVICES TO IMMOBILIZE BIRDS, Jeanette R. O'Hare, John D. Eisemann, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Lawanna L. Koch, and Thomas W. Seamans

Comparison of sampling strategies to estimate abundance of double-crested cormorants in western Mississippi, Aaron T, Pearse; Brian S. Dorr; Stephen J. Dinsmore; and Richard M. Kaminski

A review of Shiga toxin Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in cattle and free-ranging birds: potential association and epidemiological links, Kerri Pedersen and Larry Clark

Anti-prion activity generated by a novel vaccine formulation, John Pilon, Christina Loiacono, Danelle Okeson, Sharon Lund, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Jack Rhyan, and Lowell Miller

Invasive Predators: a synthesis of the past, present, and future, William C. Pitt and Gary W. Witmer

Comparison of immune and adverse effects induced by AdjuVac and Freund's complete adjuvant in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), Jenny G. Powers, Paul B. Nash, Jack C. Rhyan, Christi A. Yoder, and Lowell A. Miller

Determination of Sulfadimethoxine Residues in Skunk Serum by HPLC, Thomas M. Primus, Susan M. Jojola, Stacie J. Robinson, and John J. Johnston

Population viability analysis of monk parakeets in the United States and examination of alternative management strategies, Stephen Pruett-Jones, James R. Newman, Christian M. Newman, Michael L. Avery, and James R. Lindsay

Blackbird Use and Damage of Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots: The Second Year, Jonathan M. Raetzman, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Cattail Distribution end Abundance in North Dakota, Scott T. Ralston, G. M. Linz, W. J. Bleier, and H. J. Homan

CHLOROPHACINONE BAITING FOR BELDING’S GROUND SQUIRRELS, Craig A. Ramey, George H. Matschke, and Richard M. Engeman

CHLOROPHACINONE BAITING FOR BELDING’S GROUND SQUIRRELS, Craig A. Ramey, George H. Matschke, and Richard M. Engeman

OVERVIEW OF THE FIRST USE OF GPS 1991/GIS 1992 DURING A WYOMING SKUNK RABIES EPIZOOTIC, Craig A. Ramey, Kenneth H. Mills, and Marshall Robin

SHORT REPORT: FOX SQUIRREL (SCIURUS NIGER) ASSOCIATIONS WITH WEST NILE VIRUS, J. Jeffrey Root, Paul T. Oesterle, Heather J. Sullivan, Jeffrey S. Hall, Nicole L. Marlenee, Robert G. McLean, John A. Montenieri, and Larry Clark

Avian Use of Rural Roadsides with Cattail (Typha spp.), Bryan Safratowich, George M. Linz, William H. Bleier, and H. Jeffrey Homan

Evaluation of two perch deterrents for starlings, blackbirds, and pigeons, Thomas W. Seamans, Scott C. Barras, and Glen E. Bernhardt

Comparison of 2 vegetation-height management practices for wildlife control at airports, Thomas W. Seamans, Scott C. Barras, Glen E. Bernhardt, Bradley F. Blackwell, and Jonathan D. Cepek

Cameras, Coyotes, and the Assumption of Equal Detectability, Eveline Se Quin Larrucea, Peter F. Brussard, Michael M. Jaegar, and Reginald H. Barrett

A Frightening Device for Deterring Deer Use of Cattle Feeders, Nathan W. Seward, Gregory E. Phillips, Jared F. Duquette, and Kurt C. Vercauteren

Temperature Effects on Soil Dielectric Properties Measured at 50 MHz, Mark S. Seyfried and Laura E. Grant

A BROAD PERSPECTIVE ON CURRENT AND FUTURE RESEARCH ON URBAN COYOTES, John A. Shivik and Kathleen Fagerstone

Bioeconomic analysis of herpetofauna road-kills in a Florida state park, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman, Robert M. Barry, Robin J. Rossmanith, and Mark Nelson

DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS OF RABIES EXPOSURE: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (1998–2002), Stephanie A. Shwiff, Ray T. Sterner, Michele T. Jay, Shefali Parikh, Amy Bellomy, Martin I. Meltzer, Charles E. Rupprecht, and Dennis Slate

LEIOCEPHALUS CARINATUS ARMOURI (Northern Curlytail Lizard.). MOCKINGBIRD ATTACK; ASSERTION DISPLAYS, Henry T. Smith and Richard M. Engeman

FOOD WEBS AND INTRAGUILD PREDATION: COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS OF A NATIVE MESOCARNIVORE, Craig . M. Thompson and Eric M. Gese

Elk Use of Wallows and Potential Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Patrick W. Burke, Gregory W. Phillips, Justin W. Fischer, Nathan W. Seward, Bruce A. Wunder, and Michael J. Lavelle

Fence-Line Contact Between Wild and Farmed Cervids in Colorado: Potential for Disease Transmission, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, Nathan W. Seward, Justin W. Fischer, and Gregory E. Phillips

Fence-Line Contact Between Wild and Farmed White-Tailed Deer in Michigan: Potential for Disease Transmission, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, Nathan W. Seward, Justin W. Fischer, and Gregory E. Phillips

A Fence Design for Excluding Elk Without Impeding Other Wildlife, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Nathan W. Seward, Michael J. Lavelle, Justin W. Fischer, and Gregory W. Phillips

Foraging preferences of captive Canada geese related to turfgrass mixtures, Brian E. Washburn, Scott C. Barras, and Thomas W. Seamans

USING A COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO QUANTIFY TESTOSTERONE IN AVIAN PLASMA, Brian E. Washburn, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Dana L. Morris, John H. Schulz, and John Faaborg

USING A COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO QUANTIFY TESTOSTERONE IN AVIAN PLASMA, Brian E. Washburn, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Dana L. Morris, John H. Schulz, and John Faaborg

US Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Brian E. Washburn and Thomas W. Seamans

Wildlife Responses to Vegetation Height Management in Cool-Season Grasslands, Brian E. Washburn and Thomas W. Seamans

Caffeine Formulation for Avian Repellency, Scott J. Werner, John L. Cummings, Shelagh K. Tupper, Jerome C. Hurley, Randal S. Stahl, and Thomas M. Primus

CHROMAFLAIR® CROW BUSTER FOR REPELLING BLACKBIRDS AND CROWS, Scott J. Werner, Shelagh K. Tupper, and John L. Cummings

The ecology of vertebrate pests and integrated pest management (IPM), Gary W. Witmer

The successful eradication of introduced roof rats (Rattus rattus) from Buck Island using diphacinone, followed by an irruption of house mice (Mus musculus), Gary W. Witmer, Frank Boyd, and Zandy Hillis-Starr

The successful eradication of introduced roof rats (Rattus rattus) from Buck Island using diphacinone, followed by an irruption of house mice (Mus musculus), Gary W. Witmer, Frank Boyd, and Zandy Hillis-Starr