Extending the Open Access using Extensions: Freeing Scholarly Communication from the Walled Garden

IFLA/FAIFE strongly advocates intellectual freedom as the basis of democracy and the core of the library concept. The spirit and philosophy of Open Access are in sync with FAIFE owing to its visible role in sharing intellectual freedom for building information democracy. The present paper is dedicated to the new and emerging technology-driven tools for researchers and academicians to access or discover OA research more easily and effectively. The main focus of the paper is to introduce to the readers about the various technology-driven tools for effective and immediate Open Access (OA) research discovery. Under this objective, mission and services of the OA discovery system CORE has been explained. Another powerful tool for OA discovery and dissemination is OA Button which comes with the collaboration of unique service tools like, InstantILL, DeliverOA, EmbedOA, OAsheet and shareyourpaper. In addition to the above two tools, this study further discusses two more stand-alone tools namely, Dataverse and Zenodo. These tools are mainly familiar with their data archiving policies. Testing the features of these tools and describing their utility and application reveal that they can help the users as well as libraries in making effective use of OA resources without any delay while also enhancing the visibility of such scholarly resources.

The real issue of implementing the new-age libraries with smart & open access tools laid on the term "open access". Accessibility is required for every point from data discovery, access to raw data, data management, fill repositories to data sharing and archiving for future. The pricing practices and use restrictions have eroded scholarly communication by leaving libraries unable to keep pace with the increasing amount and costs of scholarly materials and prohibiting scholars from freely sharing their research. This crisis in scholarly communications creates a void between the researcher and the progress of actual research.
As per the theme of the present study of Drury's Principle (Francis Keese Wynkoop Drury, 1930) may be rewritten as "to provide the right content, to the right user, at right time". And to do so there are some initiatives (e.g. Budapest Open Access Initiatives), some licenses (e.g. Creative Common Licenses), some plans (e.g. Plan S or cOAlition S) and to implement this there are some open access tools (e.g. CORE, OA Button, Dataverse & Zenodo), which after evaluation and comparison can be used by researcher and library professionals for discovering, utilize, dissemination and preservation of e-content, especially scholarly articles. These tools and apps can be categorized into several groups, like, tools for discovery, tools for dissemination, tools for metadata creation, tools for archiving & preservation etc. Our present study based on such four stand-alone tools which provide almost all of these services.

PLAN S/COALITION S: PRINCIPLES AND IMPLEMENTATIONS:
cOAlition S is an international consortium of research funding and performing organisations who are committed to making full and immediate Open Access to research publications a reality. cOAlition S has developed Plan S whereby research funders will mandate that access to research publications that are generated through research grants that they allocate, must be free to access on the day of publication. In addition, the right to reuse the article is subject to a special type of open licence (usually the Creative Commons Attribution licence (CC-BY)) that grants the reader the right to reuse all or parts of it without having to seek additional permission, subject to appropriate attribution of the original source. Plan S is a set of principles that ensure open and immediate access to funded research publications. It was first launched by cOAlition S in 2018. All funders who join cOAlition S commit to aligning their OA policies with Plan S.
The scope of Plan S is primary peer reviewed research across all disciplines, including the natural and applied sciences (STEM), social sciences, and the arts and humanities. Plan S applies to all peer-reviewed publications that are based on results from research funded fully or partially by cOAlition S members. The current guidance specifies the principles of Plan S and provides paths for their implementation regarding scholarly articles. cOAlition S will, by the end of 2021, issue a statement on Plan S principles as they apply to monographs and book chapters, together with related implementation guidance. Distinctive features of this plan are enumerated below (European Science Foundation, 2021): i. Authors or their institutions hold the copyright of their publications and the publications must be licensed under CC-BY open license. (Attribution) in accordance with the Berlin Declaration; ii. Quality OA Journals/Platforms/Repositories must support the Funders must create rigorous service standards and specifications; iii. Well coordinated incentives shall be provided by the funders in cases wherein such system does not exist for its development and maintenance. Such incentives shall also include funding for establishing necessary OA infrastructure; iv. Funders or research institutions must be covered the open access publishing fees, where applicable, not by the researchers. It is also recognized that all researchers should be able to publish their Open Access work; v. Funders must support the various OA business models and the OA fees (with payment capping) must be transparent and justifiable through various qualitative measures standardization reflected in their services.
vi. The Funders encourage governments, universities, research organisations, libraries, academies, and learned societies to align their strategies, policies, and practices, notably to ensure transparency.
vii. The Plan-S principles shall be applicable to all types of scholarly publications, but with longer and flexible timeline in case of monographs and book chapters to attain OA AS they require separate and due process; viii. During the transition period, the funders may financially contribute and support the 'hybrid' model of publishing through on adhoc basis.
ix. Monitoring of adherence and compliance to Plan-S principles will be undertaken by the various funding bodies and sanctions nay be levied in cases of non-compliant beneficiaries/grantees.
x. Funding decisions will depend on the value and intrinsic merit of the work only and not on other factors including publication channel, its impact factor (or other journal metrics), or the publisher.
"Plan S" is definitely going to have an impact on the whole OA ecosystem and implications on how the OA content is being delivered to the last man in the queue while reaching the last mile.

OPEN ACCESS TOOLS:
(A) CORE CORE (https://core.ac.uk) its free and seamless access of millions of research papers around the world, because the main aim of core is to believe that knowledge should be used for public good and find how the knowledge can be distributed in a better way. Core collects millions of research papers from around the world and offer them free for everyone. Core has world's largest collection of OA full text which used by researchers, libraries, s/w developers, funder and many more. Our aggregated content come from thousands of institutional and subject repositories as well as journals and covers all research disciplines. It aims to support the right of citizen to access free of charge research to which they contributing by paying taxes. Provides support both content consumers and content providers by working collaboratively with them. Contribute to cultural change by promoting OA, the first growing movement for good. Make use of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to enrich and organize research contents support usage and discover of knowledge of their interest (CORE, 2021). CORE aggregate research papers from data providers all over the world including institutional and subject repositories and journal publishers through harvesting. It facilitates search, text mining and analytical capabilities over not only metadata, but also the full text of the research papers making CORE a unique service in the research community.It's dataset currently contains 218,769,880 open access articles, collected from over 10,366 repositories and journals around the world.

➢ CORE Mission:
• supports the right of citizens and general public to access the results of research towards which they contributed by paying taxes, • facilitates access to open access content for all by offering services to general public, academic institutions, libraries, software developers, researchers, etc., • provides support to both content consumers and content providers by working with digital libraries, institutional and subject repositories and journals, • enriches the research content using state-of-the-art technology and provides access to it through a set of services including search, API and analytical tools,   Unpaywall is an open database of 30,471,542 free scholarly articles build by harvesting Open Access content from over 50,000 publishers and repositories,to ensure easy to discovery, track, and use. Unpaywall users read 52% of research papers for free. This free online service is available as the Chrome/Firefox extension which is available at https://unpaywall.org/.

Shibboleth Login Option
(Institutional Log In) (Dataverse, 2020d) Shibboleth support through "single sign on" (SSO), or at least "single password") No need to create separate password local to the Dataverse installation.

Supported Metadata
Three levels of metadata are supported: 1) Citation Metadata (for generating a data citation and other general metadata); 2) Domain Specific Metadata (Social Science, Life Science, Geospatial, and Astronomy datasets); 3) File-level Metadata (Depends on data file type)

Adding a New Dataset
• Click "Add Data" button • Select "New Dataset" in the dropdown menu • Enter minimum metadata e.g. the Dataset Title, Author, Description, Email and Subject.

3.3
File Upload

Multiple methods as configurable by administrator
• Also depends on file types -HTTP upload, Dropbox upload, rsync + SSH Upload, Command-line DVUploader etc.

File Handling
Dataverse handles files of different types with additional functionality.

Restricted Files
Uploaded files in Dataverse can be controlled by selecting who can download files and choose whether or not to enable a "Request Access" button.

Cite Data
Cite Data button offers the option to download the citation as EndNote XML, RIS Format, or BibTeX Format.

Data Citation Standard
Dataverse standardizes the citation of datasets to make it easier for researchers to publish their data and get credit as well as recognition for their work. Use of universal numerical fingerprints (UNFs) guarantees to the scholarly community that future researchers will be able to verify that data retrieved is identical to that used in a publication decade earlier, even if it has changed storage media, operating systems, hardware, and statistical program format.

Download Data
Individual fils can be downloaded in their original formats.
Multiple files can be downloaded as .zip format that preserves any folder structure that the dataset owner had set up.

OAI-PMH (Harvesting) Dublin Core, Data Document Initiative (DDI),
OpenAIRE etc are the standardized metadata formats for collect and publish metadata from and to other systems.

Current Integrations:
• Two Ravens (statistical tools for data exploration, analysis, and meta-analysis)

Piwik (FOSS web analytics application that tracks and analyze and reports users' online visits)
• RSpace (electronic lab notebook (ELN) to capture and organize data) 7. APIs for interoperability and custom integrations: Users can click a button within Dataverse's web interface to upload a file, there are many other ways to get files into Dataverse, all using an API that allows for uploading of files. OJS, OSF, and RSpace are all web applications that can integrate with Dataverse.

CC0 Waiver for Datasets
The CC0 Public Domain Dedication by default granted for all the datasets (4.0 and on) added into Dataverse.
Where necessary, data depositors can opt-out from using the CC0 waiver for their datasets.

Crediting any research used with data citations
Data that are using or referring or employing for creation of new material should credit the original source with proper attribution. Data that are collected from the deposited datasets of Dataverse should credit the source with the applicable data citation generated by Dataverse under the Joint Data Citation Principles Declaration (Crosas, 2013).

Maintaining anonymity of human subjects
Strongly recommended.

Third Party API Applications
API applications can be designed to allow and provide access to Harvard Dataverse and its materials and services if they adhere to the Dataverse API Terms of Use (Dataverse, n.d.-c) and Harvard Dataverse's General Terms of Use (Dataverse, n.d.-d).
(Source 1: https://dataverse.org/integrations) (Source 2: https://dataverse.org/best-practices/dataverse-community-norms) Scholars from any research discipline can upload data in any file format. A digital object identifier (DOI) is automatically assigned to all Zenodo files. The name "Zenodo" is derived from "Zenodotus", the first librarian of the Ancient Library of Alexandria and father of the first recorded use of metadata, a landmark in library history (Zenodo, 2013). All of the Zenodo Data is stored in CERN Data Center. CERN has considerable knowledge and experience in building and operating large scale digital repositories and a commitment to maintain this data centre to collect and store 100s of PBs of LHC data as it grows over the next 20 years (GRASS Wiki, 2019).

Scope:
• All Data file formats from all fields of research adhering to privacy and copyright laws are acceptable.

Status of research data
Any status is accepted, from any stage of the research lifecycle.

Eligible depositors:
Open repository is open to all possessing appropriate submission rights.

Ownership:
IPR belongs to the submitter.

Volume and size limitations:
• Total files size limit per record is 50GB.

Multiple dataset allowed
• Higher quotas can be requested and granted on a case-by-case basis.

Language:
Preferred: English (but all languages are accepted)

Licenses:
Mandatory to specify a license.

Access to data objects:
Files deposit -under closed/open/embargoed access. Files deposited under closed access are protected against unauthorized access 2.2 Restricted Access/ Closed Access Not publicly viewable and sharing will be made possible only by the approval of depositor of the original file.

Embargo status:
Allowed with restricted access till the end of the embargo period, after which the content will be OA automatically.

Front page accessibility
• Open Access upload displayed on the front-page • Closed Access upload not displayed on the front-page • Embargoed Access upload displayed on the front page after a certain period 2.5 Use and re-use of data objects: As per license adopted by the depositor.

Metadata access, edit and reuse:
• Metadata is licensed under CC0, except for email addresses.
• Metadata of a published record can be easily edited enabling the submitter to edit almost all of the record's metadata. After editing the record should be saved and published.
• All metadata is exported via OAI-PMH and can be harvested.

REMOVAL 3.1 Revocation:
Content not falling under Zenodo scope are removed.

Withdrawal:
Upon request with valid justification, exceptional.

Versions:
• New version of a record permitted • Data files are versioned.
• Records are not versioned.

Replicas:
• Both data files and metadata are kept in multiple online and independent replicas in a distributed file system, which is backed up to tape on a nightly basis.
• All data files are stored in CERN Data Centres, primarily Geneva, with replicas in Budapest.
• CERN maintains this data centre to collect and store 100s of PBs of LHC data as it grows over the next 20 years.
• Closure is highly unlikely • Unforeseen circumstances: Data will be migrated to other suitable repositories, with perpetual discovery through DOIs.

Retention period:
Lifetime retention policy at CERN Lab having preservation plans for the next 20 years.

Functional preservation:
Usability and understandability -not guaranteed.

File preservation:
Nightly and multiple copy replication online system.

Fixity and authenticity:
Regularly check using MD5 checksum of the file content integrity.
(Source: https://about.zenodo.org/policies/)  Zenodo (prefix: 10.5281) in case the data are not having any DOI assigned prior to submission. In April 2020, Zenodo launched a Coronavirus Research Community -COVID-19 accepting data from all scientific disciplines and sub-disciplines.

FAIR Data Principles and Open Access
The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), defines Open Access as the immediate, irrevocable, unrestricted and free online access by any user worldwide to information products, and unrestricted responsible and ethical re-use of content (subject to appropriate licenses/attribution) (CGIAR, 2018). Open access can be successfully implemented if society is able to find, access and re-use the relevant content. Additionally, OA systems should promote the ability of data production, sharing, and usage systems and services to have consistent, mutual standards for the content, context, and meaning of that data (DISC, n.d.). Thus, the FAIR Data Principles resonate with the requirements of immediate open access. The FAIR Principles put specific emphasis on enhancing the ability of machines to automatically find and use the data, in addition to supporting its reuse by individuals.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
FAIFE (Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression) is an initiative within IFLA to defend and promote the basic human rights defined in Article 19 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. IFLA/FAIFE aims to raise awareness of the essential correlation between the library concept and the values of intellectual freedom (IFLA, 2018). The focal point of this initiative lies in freedom of access to information and freedom of expression in all aspects, directly or indirectly, related to libraries and librarianship through collaborative efforts. IFLA/FAIFE firmly believes and strongly endorses the intellectual freedom is the right of every individual to both hold and express opinions and to seek and receive information. Zenedo is the living example of information democracy is the OpenAIRE's trusted open repository hosted by CERN. It enables researchers from all disciplines to share and preserve their research outputs, regardless of size or format (OpenAIRE, 2018). According to "cOAlition S, "open access is foundational to the scientific enterprise". Universality is a fundamental principle of knowledge and it can lead to growth and development only if research results are made openly available to the community for validation and productive use without the need to reinventing the wheel. Besides, new research builds on preceding research results. The chain, through which new scientific discoveries are built on previously developed findings, will only work optimally if all research results are made available freely to the scientific community. Publication paywalls hide a vast amount of research findings from a significant segment of society that hampers its access and use (Schiltz, 2018). In the 21st century, the paywalls must be terminated in order to provide service to help researchers disseminate their results. Open Access is for the welfare of the humanity and organizations, associations, governments and libraries should take every step to to strengthen through effective and sustainable measures.