pdp: An R Package for Constructing Partial Dependence Plots

Authors

Brandon M. Greenwell, Infoscitex

Date of this Version

6-2017

Document Type

Article

Citation

The R Journal (June 2017) 9(1); Editor: Roger Bivand

Comments

Copyright 2017, The R Foundation. Open access material. License: CC BY 4.0 International

Abstract

Complex nonparametric models—like neural networks, random forests, and support vector machines—are more common than ever in predictive analytics, especially when dealing with large observational databases that don’t adhere to the strict assumptions imposed by traditional statistical techniques (e.g., multiple linear regression which assumes linearity, homoscedasticity, and normality). Unfortunately, it can be challenging to understand the results of such models and explain them to management. Partial dependence plots offer a simple solution. Partial dependence plots are low dimensional graphical renderings of the prediction function so that the relationship between the outcome and predictors of interest can be more easily understood. These plots are especially useful in explaining the output from black box models. In this paper, we introduce pdp, a general R package for constructing partial dependence plots.