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Magnetism of nanostructured permanent -magnet materials
Abstract
Sm2Co17-type high-temperature permanent magnets with composition Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Ti)z are investigated. The effects of Ti (or Zr), Cu, Fe and z value, as well as the effect of heat treatment on the magnetic properties are reported. Ti is found a necessity to form the cellular microstructure with grain size less than 100 nm. The Cu-rich Sm(Co, Cu)5 phase forms the grain-boundary which pins the magnetic domain-wall motion. Low Cu content makes the high-temperature coercivity vary in an abnormal way. A record-high high-temperature coercivity of 12.3 kOe at 500°C has been obtained. Granular SmCoz (z = 3–7.5) and Sm-Co-Cu-Ti thin films were produced by thermal processing of sputtered Sm-Co single layers and SmCo 5/(CuTi) multilayers. Inplane anisotropy was found in SmCoz for the composition range of z < 5.5, whereas for z > 5.5 the films exhibits three-dimensional random anisotropy. Sm-Co-Cu-Ti films were sputtered onto Si substrates with a Cr underlayer and coverlayer. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the hexagonal 1:5 phase forms after annealing. Electron micrographs of the processed films show that grains with diameters of 5 to 10 nm are embedded in a matrix. Both the grains and the matrix phase exhibit the CaCu5 Structure. The hysteresis loops show that these films have large coercivities of up to 50.4 kOe. FePt single layer and FePt/Fe multilayer thin films are prepared by magnetron sputtering. The single-phase behavior of the hysteresis loops of FePt/Fe multilayers indicates the existence of exchange coupling in these materials. An energy product of 19 MGOe has been obtained. Nanocrystalline Sm12(Co, Cu, Ti)88 powders are produced by mechanical alloying and are investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis and magnetization measurements. Different heat treatments are performed to investigate the influence on the magnetic properties and crystal structures. The intrinsic coercivity of the powders increases with an increasing amount of Cu. Short annealing time produces a metastable 1:7 phase with high crystalline anisotropy that results in large coercivity. A room temperature coercivity of 22 kOe was obtained in Sm12Co76Cu9Ti 3 powder. Sm-Co binary alloys are also investigated. A coercivity of 41 kOe is obtained in Sm2Co7. The magnetization reversal mechanism is analyzed in both Sm-Co-Cu-Ti and Sm-Co alloys. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Subject Area
Condensation|Materials science|Electromagnetism
Recommended Citation
Zhou, Jian, "Magnetism of nanostructured permanent -magnet materials" (2002). ETD collection for University of Nebraska-Lincoln. AAI3070139.
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI3070139