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Authors
- Michael L. Avery, United States Department of Agriculture,National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
- Jerrold L. Belant, Mississippi State University
- Kristin M. Biondi, Mississippi State University
- Bradley F. Blackwell, USDA National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
- Jonathon D. Cepek, United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife ServicesFollow
- Larry Clark, USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
- Tara J. Conkling, Mississippi State University
- Scott R. Craven, University of Wisconsin - Madison
- Paul D. Curtis, Cornell UniversityFollow
- Travis L. DeVault, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
- Richard A. Dolbeer, United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services
- David Felstul, United States Department of the Interior
- Esteban Fernandez-Juricic, Purdue UniversityFollow
- Alan B. Franklin, United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
- Sidney A. Gauthreaux Jr., Clemson UniversityFollow
- Michael J. Lavelle, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
- James A. Martin, Mississippi State University
- Rebecca Mihalco, United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services
- Paige M. Schmidt, United States Fish and Wildlife Service
- Thomas W. Seamans, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
- Kurt C. VerCauteren, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife ServicesFollow
- Brian E. Washburn, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
Date of this Version
2013
Citation
From Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal-Aircraft Collisions through Science-Based Management, edited by T. L. DeVault, B. F. Blackwell, and J. L. Belant (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013)
Abstract
In 1990, the 190 member nations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) adopted, in Annex 14 to the Convention on Civil International Aviation, three recommended management practices regarding bird hazards to aviation. The recommended practices required that aviation authorities within each nation (1) assess the extent of the hazard posed by birds at and in the vicinity of airports certificated for passenger traffic, (2) take necessary action to decrease the number of birds, and (3) eliminate or prevent the establishment of any site in the vicinity of the airport that could attract birds and thereby present a danger to aviation. Because of the increasing threat posed by birds to aviation worldwide, member states voted to make these recommendations mandatory ICAO standards, effective November 2003. In 2009, ICAO expanded these standards to include terrestrial wildlife such as large mammals and reptiles that pose a risk at airports (ICAO 2009).
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Comments
United States government work