Public Health Resources
Date of this Version
6-7-2012
Citation
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press 2012 pp. 1-7; DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis443
Abstract
Background. Rotavirus vaccine was recommended for US infants in 2006. We estimated baseline prevaccine burden and monitored postvaccine trends in gastroenteritis-coded and rotavirus-coded hospitalizations among US children.
Methods. We analyzed data from the State Inpatient Databases (SID) for 29–44 US states over a 10-year period (2000–2009) to calculate gastroenteritis and rotavirus-coded hospitalization rates by age group, sex, and region, among children <5 years of age. By extrapolating observed pre- and postvaccine gastroenteritis hospitalization rates to the US population <5 years and based on the 2009 cost of a diarrhea hospitalization, we estimated national reductions in diarrhea hospitalizations and associated treatment costs.
Results. The prevaccine (2000–2006) annual average gastroenteritis-coded hospitalization rate among children <5 years of age was 74 per 10 000 (annual range, 71–82 per 10 000), and declined to 51 and 50 per 10 000 in 2008 and 2009, respectively (P < .001). The prevaccine (2000–2006) annual average rotavirus-coded hospitalization rate among children <5 years of age was 15 per 10 000 (annual range, 13–18 per 10 000), and declined to 5 and 6 per 10 000 in 2008 and 2009, respectively (P < .001). The decreases in rotavirus-coded hospitalization rates in 2008 and 2009 compared with rates in prevaccine years were observed among all age groups and US regions. Nationally, during 2008 and 2009 combined, we estimated a reduction of approximately 77 000 diarrhea hospitalizations and approximately $242 million in hospital costs.
Conclusions. Since implementation of the US rota-virus vaccination program, a marked reduction in diarrhea hospitalizations and related hospital charges has occurred among US children.