Authors
Diego Martinez, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Randy M. Berka, Novozymes, Inc., 1445 Drew Ave., Davis, California
Bernard Henrissat, AFMB UMR 6098, CNRS, Universite´s d’Aix-Marseille I & II, Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
Markku Saloheimo, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, Espoo, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT-Espoo, Finland
Mikko Arvas, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, Espoo, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT-Espoo, Finland.
Scott E. Baker, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, Washington
Jarod Chapman, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
Olga Chertkov, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Pedro M. Coutinho, AFMB UMR 6098, CNRS, Universite´s d’Aix-Marseille I & II, Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
Dan Cullen, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
Etienne G. J. Danchin, AFMB UMR 6098, CNRS, Universite´s d’Aix-Marseille I & II, Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
Igor V. Grigoriev, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
Paul Harris, Novozymes, Inc., 1445 Drew Ave., Davis, California
Melissa Jackson, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Christian P. Kubicek, Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
Cliff S. Han, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Isaac Ho, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.
Luis F. Larrondo, Departmento de Gene´ tica Molecular y Microbiologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias Biolo´ gicas, Pontifica Universidad Cato´ lica de Chile and Millennium lnstitute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, Santiago, Chile
Alfredo Lopez de Leon, Novozymes, Inc., 1445 Drew Ave., Davis, California
Jon K. Magnuson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
Sandy Merino, Novozymes, Inc., 1445 Drew Ave., Davis, California
Monica Misra, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Beth Nelson, Novozymes, Inc., 1445 Drew Ave., Davis, California
Nicholas Putnam, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California
Barbara Robbertse, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
Asaf A. Salamov, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California
Monika Schmoll, Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
Astrid Terry, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California
Nina Thayer, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Ann Westerholm-Parvinen, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, Espoo, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT-Espoo, Finland
Conrad L. Schoch, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
Jian Yao, Genencor International, 925 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
Ravi Barabote, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Mary Anne Nelson, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
Chris Detter, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
David Bruce, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Cheryl R. Kuske, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Gary Xie, Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Paul Richardson, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California
Daniel S. Rokhsar, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California
Susan M. Lucas, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California
Edward M. Rubin, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California
Nigel Dunn-Coleman, AlerGenetiCa SL, Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Spain
Michael Ward, Genencor International, 925 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
Thomas Brettin, Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, California
Date of this Version
5-2008
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is the main industrial source of cellulases and hemicellulases used to depolymerize biomass to simple sugars that are converted to chemical intermediates and biofuels, such as ethanol. We assembled 89 scaffolds (sets of ordered and oriented contigs) to generate 34 Mbp of nearly contiguous T. reesei genome sequence comprising 9,129 predicted gene models. Unexpectedly, considering the industrial utility and effectiveness of the carbohydrate-active enzymes of T. reesei, its genome encodes fewer cellulases and hemicellulases than any other sequenced fungus able to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides. Many T. reesei genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes are distributed nonrandomly in clusters that lie between regions of synteny with other Sordariomycetes. Numerous genes encoding biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites may promote survival of T. reesei in its competitive soil habitat, but genome analysis provided little mechanistic insight into its extraordinary capacity for protein secretion. Our analysis, coupled with the genome sequence data, provides a roadmap for constructing enhanced T. reesei strains for industrial applications such as biofuel production.
Comments
Published in NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY VOLUME 26, NUMBER 5, MAY 2008.