Examination of the New α-(2′Z-Fluoro)vinyl Trigger with Lysine Decarboxylase: The Absolute Stereochemistry Dictates the Reaction Course

Authors

• Kannan R. Karukurichi, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
• Roberto de la Salud-Bea, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
• Wan Jin Jahng, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
• David B. Berkowitz, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

1-17-2007

Citation

J Am Chem Soc. 2007 January 17; 129(2): 258–259. doi:10.1021/ja067240k.

Comments

Copyright 2007. Used by permission.

Abstract

The first examination of a terminal α-fluorovinyl trigger in an amino acid decarboxylase active site is reported. To investigate the enantiospecifity of inactivation with this new AADC trigger, an enantioselective synthesis of L-α-(2′Z-fluoro)vinyllysine and its D-antipode has been developed. Control of stereochemistry is achieved through introduction of the amino acid side chain via alkylation of a chiral vinylglycine-derived dienolate. Facial selectivity is conferred by a trans-2′(β- naphthyl)-2′-propylcyclohexyl ester auxiliary, available in both antipodal forms (Comins protocol). The alkylation employs a new electrophile, N-p-methoxybenzyl-N-(2′- trimethylsilylethanesulfonyl)-4-iodobutylamine, for convergent installation of the lysine side chain. Vinyl to 2′-fluorovinyl interconversion then provides L- and D-α-(2′Z-fluoro)vinyllysine in 97–99% ee, as demonstrated by chiral HPLC. Both time-dependent enzyme kinetics and ¹⁹F NMR reveal striking differences in the behavior of these two antipodes in the lysine decarboxylase active site. The L-antipode displays time dependent inactivation (t_1/2 = 3 ± 1 min.; KI = 86 ± 22 μM) whereas the D-antipode behaves as a substrate, being completely turned over to α-(2′Z-fluoro) vinylcadaverine. Titration of LDC with varying amounts of L-α-(2′Z-fluoro)vinyllysine provides an estimate of 20 ± 3 for the partition ratio for this antipode. ¹⁹F NMR provides a more detailed account of the inactivation with the L-antipode, revealing that 1 in 3.2 turnovers of this mechanism-based inhibitor result in errant protonation (required by design), with 1 in 5 errant protonation events leading to LDC inactivation. This gives an overall partition ratio of 16 ± 2. Fluoride-selective electrode measurements are in agreement with ¹⁹F NMR estimates of [fluoride] released.