DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Title

Object Permanence and the Relationship to Sitting Development in Infants With Motor Delays

Authors

Mihee An, Kaya University, Korea
Emily C. Marcinowski, Louisiana State University
Lin-Ya Hsu, University of Washington, Seattle
Jaclynn Stankus, Duquesne University
Karl L. Jancart, Duquesne University
Michele A. Lobo, University of Delaware
Stacy C. Dusing, University of Southern California
Sarah W. McCoy, University of Washington, Seattle
James A. Bovaird, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow
Sandra Willett, University of Nebraska Medical CenterFollow
Regina T. Harbourne, Duquesne UniversityFollow

Date of this Version

2022

Citation

Pediatr Phys Ther 2022;34:309–316

DOI: 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000909

Comments

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBYNC- ND),

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines object permanence development in infants with motor delays (MD) compared with infants with typical development (TD) and in relation to sitting skill. Methods: Fifty-six infants with MD (mean age = 10 months) and 36 with TD (mean age = 5.7 months) were assessed at baseline and then at 1.5, 3, and 6 months postbaseline. A scale was developed to measure object permanence (Object Permanence Scale [OPS]), and the Gross Motor Function Measure sitting subsection (GMFM-SS), and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) were administered. Results: Interrater reliability of the OPS was excellent and correlation between the OPS and Bayley-III cognitive scores was moderately positive. Compared with TD, infants with MD were delayed in development of object permanence but demonstrated increased understanding over time and as sitting skills improved. Conclusion: In children with MD, object permanence, as quantified by the OPS, emerges in conjunction with sitting skill.