Metacognitive Theories

Authors

Gregory Schraw, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
David Moshman, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow

Date of this Version

12-3-1995

Comments

Published in Educational Psychology Review 7:4 (1995), pp. 351–371. Copyright © 1995 Plenum Publishing Corporation. Used by permission. http://www.springerlink.com/content/1040-726X

Abstract

This paper proposes a framework for understanding people’s theories about their own cognition. Metacognitive theories are defined broadly as systematic frameworks used to explain and direct cognition, metacognitive knowledge, and regulatory skills. We distinguish tacit, informal, and formal metacognitive theories and discuss critical differences among them using criteria borrowed from the developmental literature. We also consider the origin and development of these theories, as well as implications for educational research and practice.