PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SNAILS, SLUGS, AND ENDANGERED HONEYCREEPERS IN DIPHACINONE RODENTICIDE BAITED AREAS ON HAWAII. USA

Authors

John J. Johnston, USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
William C. Pitt, USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
Robert T. Sugihara, USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
John D. Eisemann, USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research CenterFollow
Thomas M. Primus, USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center
Melvin J. Holmes, Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs/Central Science Laboratory
Joe Crocker, Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs/Central Science Laboratory,
Andy Hart, Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs/Central Science Laboratory,

Date of this Version

December 2004

Abstract

Three probabilistic models were developed for characterizing the risk of mortality and subacute coagulopathy to Poouli, an endangered nontarget avian species, in broadcast diphacinone-baited areas on Hawaii, USA. For single-day exposure, the risk of Poouli mortality approaches 0. For 5-d exposure, the mean probability of mortality increased to 3% for adult and 8% for juvenile Poouli populations. For Poouli that consume snails containing diphacinone residues for 14 d, the model predicted increased levels of coagulopathy for 0.42 and 11% of adult and juvenile Poouli populations, respectively. Worst-case deterministic risk characterizations predicted acceptable levels of risk for nonthreatened or endangered species such as northern bobwhite quail and mallards. Also, no acute toxicity was noted for snails and slugs that feed on diphacinone baits.