Construction of an Anti-Mexican American Bias Scale and Its Validation

Authors

Leslie N. Martinez, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow

Date of this Version

11-2015

Citation

Martinez, L. N. (2015). Construction of an anti-Mexican American bias scale and its validation. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.

Comments

A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Major: Psychology, Under the Supervision of Professor Cynthia Willis Esqueda, Lincoln, Nebraska, November, 2015

Copyright (c) 2015 Leslie N. Martinez

Abstract

The purpose of the dissertation is to develop a meaningful measure of Anti-Mexican American attitudes and to test that measure for its utility in predicting biased attributions for Mexican Americans. Attention has mainly focused on bias against Blacks, and this has produced important gaps in the understanding of race/ethnic bias that must be addressed. For the past few decades, the number of racial minorities, especially the number of Latinos/Hispanics, has been on the rise. The psychometric properties and validation of the new Anti-Mexican American Attitude Scale (AMAAS) were investigated through study 1 and study 2. The principal components analysis pulled six factors (study 1), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) refined the scale to three viable factors (study 2). Using structural equation modeling (SEM; study 2), the final scale was found to be a reflection of cultural stereotypes and attitudes about Mexican Americans (construct validity). The relationship amongst the Mexican American bias scale with anti-Black and anti-immigrant scales supported hypotheses that AMAAS was indicative of cognitive bias (Model Level 2). Although the patterns of results were similar, the predictive validity of AMAAS was independent of the other group bias scales. The results of the study indicated that measures of individual differences (CSE, SDO, RWA-ACT) predicted bias against Mexican Americans, and the bias, in turn, predicted opposition to racial policies. The “real world” effect of having the ability to measure prejudice against Mexican Americans was one of the first steps in recognizing the ramifications of experiencing bias in the Latino community. In future studies, the exploration of perceived threat will add another level of depth to the understanding of anti-Mexican American bias.

Adviser: Cynthia Willis Esqueda