U.S. Department of Defense

 

Authors

D. Gray Heppner Jr., Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Kent E. Kester, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Christian F. Ockenhouse, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Nadia Tornieporth, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, s.a., Rixensart, Belgium
Opokua Ofori, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, s.a., Rixensart, Belgium
Jeffrey A. Lyon, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
V. Ann Stewart, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Patrice Dubois, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, s.a., Rixensart, Belgium
David E. Lanar, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Urszula Krzych, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Philippe Moris, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, s.a., Rixensart, Belgium
Evelina Angov, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
James F. Cummings, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Amanda Leach, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, s.a., Rixensart, Belgium
B. Ted Hall, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Sheetij Dutta, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Robert Schwenk, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Collette Hillier, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Arnoldo Barbosa, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Lisa A. Ware, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Lalitha Nair, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Christian A. Darko, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Mark R. Withers, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Bernhards Ogutu, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Mark E. Polhemus, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Mark Fukuda, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
Sathit Pichyangkul, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
Montip Gettyacamin, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
Carter Diggs, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
Lorraine Soisson, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
Jessica Milman, PATH’s Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, USA
Marie-Claude Dubois, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, s.a., Rixensart, Belgium
Nathalie Garcon, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, s.a., Rixensart, Belgium
Kathryn Tucker, Statistics Collaborative Incorporated, Washington, DC, USA
Janet Wittes, Statistics Collaborative Incorporated, Washington, DC, USA
Christopher V. Plowe, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
Mahamadou A. Thera, Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
Ogobara K. Duombo, Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
Maria G. Pau, Crucell Holland, B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
Jaap Goudsmit, Crucell Holland, B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
W. Ripley Ballou, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, s.a., Rixensart, Belgium
Joe Cohen, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

Date of this Version

2005

Comments

Published in Vaccine 23 (2005) 2243–2250.

Abstract

The goal of the Malaria Vaccine Program at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) is to develop a licensed multi-antigen, multi-stage vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum able to prevent all symptomatic manifestations of malaria by preventing parasitemia. A secondary goal is to limit disease in vaccinees that do develop malaria. Malaria prevention will be achieved by inducing humoral and cellular immunity against the pre-erythrocytic circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and the liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1). The strategy to limit disease will target immune responses against one or more blood stage antigens, merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) and apical merozoite antigen-1 (AMA-1). The induction of T- and B-cell memory to achieve a sustained vaccine response may additionally require immunization with an adenovirus vector such as adenovirus serotype 35. RTS,S, a CSP-derived antigen developed by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals in collaboration with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research over the past 17 years, is the cornerstone of our program. RTS,S formulated in AS02A (a GSK proprietary formulation) is the only vaccine candidate shown in field trials to prevent malaria and, in one instance, to limit disease severity. Our vaccine development plan requires proof of an individual antigen’s efficacy in a Phase 2 laboratory challenge or field trial prior to its integration into an RTS,S-based, multi-antigen vaccine. Progress has been accelerated through extensive partnerships with industrial, academic, governmental, and non-governmental organizations. Recent safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trials in the US and Africa are presented, as well as plans for the development of a multi-antigen vaccine.

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