Predicting phenological development in winter wheat

Authors

Qingwu Xue, Montana State UniversityFollow
Albert Weiss, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
P. Stephen Baenziger, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow

Date of this Version

2004

Citation

Clim Res Vol. 25: 243–252, 2004

Comments

© Inter-Research 2004

Abstract

Accurate prediction of phenological development is important in the winter wheat Triticum aestivum agroecosystem. From a practical perspective, applications of pesticides and fertilizers are carried out at specific phenological stages. In crop-simulation modeling, the prediction of yield components (kernel number and kernel weight) and wheat-grain yield relies on accurate prediction of phenology. In this study, a nonlinear multiplicative model by Wang & Engel (WE) for predicting phenological development in differing winter wheat cultivars was evaluated using data from a 3 yr field experiment. In the vegetative phase (emergence to anthesis) the daily development rate (r) was simulated based on the product of a maximum development rate (R_max) in the vegetative phase, a temperature response function [ƒ(T)], a photoperiod response function [ƒ(P)], and a vernalization response function [ƒ(V)]. ƒ(T) was a nonlinear function of the 3 cardinal temperatures for phenological development (minimum, Tmin, optimum, Topt, and maximum, Tmax). ƒ(P) was an exponential function of the actual and critical photoperiods and a sensitivity parameter unique to each cultivar. ƒ(V) was calculated using ƒ(T) based on the cardinal temperatures for vernalization (T_min,vn, T_opt,vn, and T_max,vn). In the reproductive phase, r was simulated based on the product of R_max for the reproductive phase and ƒ(T). Predictions from this nonlinear model were compared to predictions from the phenology submodel of CERES-Wheat V3.0 (CW3). The nonlinear model performed very well for predicting phenological development in the 3 winter wheat cultivars, the mean root mean square error (RMSE) ranged from 2.9 to 4.1 d from booting to maturity. For the CW3 model, the mean RMSE ranged from 4.8 to 5.9 d for the same phenological stages. The WE model predicted double ridge with a mean RMSE of 7.3 d. Both models predicted terminal spikelet with a mean RMSE ranging from 6.2 to 7.1 d. The WE model was generally a better predictor of phenology between booting and maturity than the CW3 model.