Authors
Jeremy Schmutz, HudsonAlpha Genome Sequencing Center, Huntsville, AL
Steven B. Cannon, USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa
Jessica Schlueter, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Jianxin Ma, Purdue University
Therese Mitros, University of California, Berkeley
William Nelson, University of Arizona
David L. Hyten, USDA-ARSFollow
Qijian Song, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MDFollow
Jay J. Thelen, University of Missouri, Columbia
Jianlin Cheng, University of Missouri, Columbia
Dong Xu, University of Missouri, Columbia
Uffe Hellsten, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California
Gregory D. May, National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM
Yeisoo Yu, University of Arizona
Tetsuya Sakurai, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Japan
Taishi Umezawa, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Japan
Madan K. Bhattacharyya, Iowa State University
Devinder Sandhu, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
Babu Valliyodan, University of Missouri, Columbia
Erika Lindquist, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California
Myron Peto, USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa
David Grant, USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa
Shengqiang Shu, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California
David Goodstein, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California
Kerrie Barry, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California
Montona Futrell-Griggs, Purdue University - Main Campus
Brian Abernathy, Purdue University
Jianchang Du, Purdue University
Zhixi Tian, Purdue University
Liucun Zhu, Purdue University
Navdeep Gill, Purdue University
Trupti Joshi, University of Missouri, Columbia
Marc Libault, University of Missouri, ColumbiaFollow
Ananad Sethuraman, HudsonAlpha Genome Sequencing Center, Huntsville, AL
Xue-Cheng Zhang, University of Missouri, Columbia
Kazuo Shinozaki, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Japan
Henry T. Nguyen, University of Missouri, ColumbiaFollow
Rod A. Wing, University of Arizona
Perry Cregan, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD
James E. Specht, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Jane Grimwood, HudsonAlpha Genome Sequencing Center, Huntsville, AL
Dan Rokhsar, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California
Gary Stacey, University of Missouri, ColumbiaFollow
Randy C. Shoemaker, USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa
Scott A. Jackson, Purdue UniversityFollow
Date of this Version
1-2010
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important crop plants for seed protein and oil content, and for its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbioses with soil-borne microorganisms. We sequenced the 1.1-gigabase genome by a whole-genome shotgun approach and integrated it with physical and high-density genetic maps to create a chromosome-scale draft sequence assembly. We predict 46,430 protein-coding genes, 70% more than Arabidopsis and similar to the poplar genome which, like soybean, is an ancient polyploid (palaeopolyploid). About 78% of the predicted genes occur in chromosome ends, which comprise less than one-half of the genome but account for nearly all of the genetic recombination. Genome duplications occurred at approximately 59 and 13 million years ago, resulting in a highly duplicated genome with nearly 75% of the genes present in multiple copies. The two duplication events were followed by gene diversification and loss, and numerous chromosome rearrangements. An accurate soybean genome sequence will facilitate the identification of the genetic basis of many soybean traits, and accelerate the creation of improved soybean varieties.
All supplemental information is included in the downloadable PDF file, except for the data file for Supplementary Table S5, which is attached (below) as an "Additional file."
Comments
Published in Nature Vol 463, 14 January 2010, doi:10.1038/nature08670.