Growing sensitivity of maize to water scarcity under climate change

Authors

Qingfeng Meng, China Agricultural University
Xinping Chen, China Agricultural UniversityFollow
David B. Lobell, Stanford University
Zhenling Cui, China Agricultural University
Yi Zhang, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences
Haishun Yang, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Fusuo Zhang, China Agricultural University

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

2016

Citation

Meng, Q. et al. Growing sensitivity of maize to water scarcity under climate change. Sci. Rep. 6, 19605; doi: 10.1038/srep19605 (2016).

Comments

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Climate change can reduce crop yields and thereby threaten food security. The current measures used to adapt to climate change involve avoiding crops yield decrease, however, the limitations of such measures due to water and other resources scarcity have not been well understood. Here, we quantify how the sensitivity of maize to water availability has increased because of the shift toward longer-maturing varieties during last three decades in the Chinese Maize Belt (CMB). We report that modern, longer-maturing varieties have extended the growing period by an average of 8 days and have significantly offset the negative impacts of climate change on yield. However, the sensitivity of maize production to water has increased: maize yield across the CMB was 5% lower with rainfed than with irrigated maize in the 1980s and was 10% lower (and even >20% lower in some areas) in the 2000s because of both warming and the increased requirement for water by the longer-maturing varieties. Of the maize area in China, 40% now fails to receive the precipitation required to attain the full yield potential. Opportunities for water saving in maize systems exist, but water scarcity in China remains a serious problem.