The effects of technology use in feedlot production systems on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics

Authors

• C. L. Maxwell, Oklahoma State University
• B. C. Wilson, Oklahoma State University
• C. F. O'Neill, Oklahoma State University
• B. K. Wilson, Oklahoma State University
• C. G. Hixon, Oklahoma State University
• C. L. Haviland, Oklahoma State University
• A. N. Grimes, Oklahoma State University
• M. S. Calvo-Lorenzo, Oklahoma State University
• D. L. VanOverbeke, Oklahoma State University
• G. G. Mafi, Oklahoma State University
• C. J. Richards, Oklahoma State UniversityFollow
• D. L. Step, Oklahoma State University
• B. P. Holland, Merck Animal Health, DeSoto, Kansas
• C. R. Krehbiel, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

2015

Citation

J. Anim. Sci. 2015.93:1340–1349

Comments

© 2015 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of feedlot production systems with and without the use of a β-adrenergic agonist compared to an all-natural production program on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (n = 336; initial BW = 379 ± 8 kg) were randomized to 1 of 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCBD; 14 steers/pen; 8 pens/treatment). Treatments consisted of an all-natural treatment (NAT), a conventional treatment (CONV), and a conventional treatment with a β-agonist (CONV-Z). All treatments were fed the same basal diet with NAT cattle receiving no growth promoting technologies. The CONV and CONV-Z cattle were implanted with 40 mg of estradiol and 200 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA) on d 0 and were fed 33 and 9 mg/kg of monensin and tylosin daily, respectively. The CONV-Z cattle were fed zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) at 6.76 mg/kg (90% DM basis) for the last 20 days on feed (DOF) There was no effect of treatment on DMI (P = 0.83); however, CONV-Z steers gained 3.8% faster (1.64 vs. 1.58 kg/d; P < 0.01) and were 5.3% more efficient (0.160 vs. 0.152; P < 0.01) than CONV steers, and CONV steers gained 32.8% faster (1.58 vs. 1.19 kg/d; P < 0.01) and were 26.7% more efficient (0.152 vs. 0.120; P < 0.01) than NAT steers. There was a 35.7% improvement in estimated carcass gain (1.29 vs. 0.95 kg/d; P < 0.01) and a 32.6% improvement in carcass efficiency (0.126 vs. 0.095; P < 0.01) for CONV-Z steers compared to NAT steers. Hot carcass weight was increased by 8 kg for CONV-Z steers compared to CONV steers (394 vs. 386 kg; P = 0.05) and 46 kg compared to NAT steers (394 vs. 348 kg; P < 0.01). Longissimus muscle area was increased by 3.6 cm² for CONV-Z steers compared to CONV steers (92.29 vs. 88.67 cm²; P = 0.02) and 12.1 cm² for CONV-Z steers compared to NAT steers (92.29 vs. 80.16 cm²; P < 0.01), resulting in a 9.6% unit increase in USDA yield grade (YG) 1 (15.14 vs. 5.52%; P < 0.05) and a 21.6% unit reduction in USDA YG 3 for CONV-Z steers compared to CONV steers (30.70 vs. 52.32%; P < 0.05). The CONV-Z steers had a lower marbling score compared to the other treatments (432; P < 0.01), resulting in an 11.7% unit increase (20.70 vs. 9.03%; P < 0.05) in USDA Select carcasses compared to CONV steers. The results of this experiment show that CONV-Z and CONV production results in a significant improvement in feedlot performance and USDA YG compared to NAT.