Does Bisphenol A Induce Superfeminization in Marisa cornuarietis? Part II: Toxicity Test Results and Requirements for Statistical Power Analyses

Authors

Valery E. Forbes, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
John Aufderheide, ABC Laboratories, Inc., Columbia, Missouri
Ryan Warbritton, ABC Laboratories, Inc., Columbia, Missouri
Nelly van der Hoeven, Ecostat, Leiden, The Netherlands
Norbert Caspers, Bayer Industry Services, Leverkusen, Germany

Date of this Version

2007

Comments

Published in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 66 (2007), pp. 319-325; DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.09.001. Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Used by permission.

Abstract

This study presents results of the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on adult egg production, egg hatchability, egg development rates and juvenile growth rates in the freshwater gastropod, Marisa cornuarietis. We observed no adult mortality, substantial inter-snail variability in reproductive output, and no effects of BPA on reproduction during 12 weeks of exposure to 0, 0.1, 1.0, 16, 160 or 640 μg/L BPA. We observed no effects of BPA on egg hatchability or timing of egg hatching. Juveniles showed good growth in the control and all treatments, and there were no significant effects of BPA on this endpoint. Our results do not support previous claims of enhanced reproduction in Marisa cornuarietis in response to exposure to BPA. Statistical power analysis indicated high levels of inter-snail variability in the measured endpoints and highlighted the need for sufficient replication when testing treatment effects on reproduction in M. cornuarietis with adequate power.