Comparative manufacture and cell-based delivery of antiretroviral nanoformulations

Authors

• Shantanu Balkundi, University of Nebraska Medical Center
• Ari S. Nowacek, University of Nebraska Medical Center
• Ram S. Veerubhotla, University of Nebraska Medical Center
• Han Chen, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
• Andrea Martinez-Skinner, University of Nebraska Medical Center
• Upal Roy, University of Nebraska Medical Center
• R. Lee Mosley, University of Nebraska Medical CenterFollow
• Georgette Kanmogne, University of Nebraska Medical CenterFollow
• Xinming Liu, University of Nebraska Medical Center
• Alexander V. Kabanov, University of Nebraska Medical Center
• Tatiana Bronich, University of Nebraska Medical CenterFollow
• JoEllyn McMillan, University of Nebraska Medical Center, OmahaFollow
• Howard E. Gendelman, University of Nebraska Medical CenterFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

2011

Citation

International Journal of Nanomedicine 2011:6 3393–3404

Comments

© 2011 Balkundi et al

Open access

http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S27830

Abstract

Nanoformulations of crystalline indinavir, ritonavir, atazanavir, and efavirenz were manufactured by wet milling, homogenization or sonication with a variety of excipients. The chemical, biological, immune, virological, and toxicological properties of these formulations were compared using an established monocyte-derived macrophage scoring indicator system. Measurements of drug uptake, retention, release, and antiretroviral activity demonstrated differences amongst preparation methods. Interestingly, for drug cell targeting and antiretroviral responses the most significant difference among the particles was the drug itself. We posit that the choice of drug and formulation composition may ultimately affect clinical utility.