Virus-Host Mucosal Interactions During Early SIV Rectal Transmission

Authors

Wuxun Lu, University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Follow
Fangrui Ma, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Alexander Churbanov, University of Nebraska at OmahaFollow
Yanmin Wan, Fudan University, ShanghaiFollow
Yue Li, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Guobin Kang, University of Nebraska–LincolnFollow
Zhe Yuan, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Dong Wang, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Chi Zhang, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Jianqing Xu, Fudan University, Shanghai
Mark Lewis, BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD
Qingsheng Li, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

9-2014

Citation

Published in final edited form as: Virology. 2014 September ; 464-465: 406–414. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.010
PMCID: PMC4808581

Comments

Copyright 2014 Elsevier. Used by permission.

Abstract

To deepen our understanding of early rectal transmission of HIV-1, we studied virus-host interactions in the rectal mucosa using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-Indian rhesus macaque model and mRNA deep sequencing. We found that rectal mucosa actively responded to SIV as early as 3 days post-rectal inoculation (dpi) and mobilized more robust responses at 6 and 10 dpi. Our results suggests that the failure of the host to contain virus replication at the portal of entry is attributable to both a high-level expression of lymphocyte chemoattractant, proinflammatory and immune activation genes, which can recruit and activate viral susceptible target cells into mucosa; and a high-level expression of SIV accessory genes, which are known to be able to counter and evade host restriction factors and innate immune responses. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of rectal transmission.