Mini-ISES identifies promising carbafructopyranose-based salens for asymmetric catalysis: Tuning ligand shape via the anomeric effect

Authors

Kannan R. Karukurichi, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Xiang Fei, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Robert A. Swyka, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow
Sylvain Broussy, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Weijun Shen, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Sangeeta Dey, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Sandip K. Roy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
David B. Berkowitz, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow

Date of this Version

7-10-2015

Citation

K. R. Karukurichi, X. Fei, R. A. Swyka, S. Broussy, W. Shen, S. Dey, S. K. Roy, D. B. Berkowitz, Mini-ISES identifies promising (Carba)fructopyranose-based salens for asymmetric catalysis: Tuning ligand shape via the anomeric effect. Science Advances 1, e1500066 (2015). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500066

Comments

Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Abstract

This study introduces new methods of screening for and tuning chiral space and in so doing identifies a promising set of chiral ligands for asymmetric synthesis. The carbafructopyranosyl-1,2-diamine(s) and salens constructed therefrom are particularly compelling. It is shown that by removing the native anomeric effect in this ligand family, one can tune chiral ligand shape and improve chiral bias. This concept is demonstrated by a combination of (i) x-ray crystallographic structure determination, (ii) assessment of catalytic performance, and (iii) consideration of the anomeric effect and its underlying dipolar basis. The title ligands were identified by a new mini version of the in situ enzymatic screening (ISES) procedure through which catalyst-ligand combinations are screened in parallel, and information on relative rate and enantioselectivity is obtained in real time, without the need to quench reactions or draw aliquots. Mini-ISES brings the technique into the nanomole regime (200 to 350 nmol catalyst/20 ml organic volume) commensurate with emerging trends in reaction development/process chemistry. The best-performing b-D-carbafructopyranosyl-1,2-diamine–derived salen ligand discovered here outperforms the best known organometallic and enzymatic catalysts for the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of 3-phenylpropylene oxide, one of several substrates examined for which the ligand is “matched.” This ligand scaffold defines a new swath of chiral space, and anomeric effect tunability defines a new concept in shaping that chiral space. Both this ligand set and the anomeric shape-tuning concept are expected to find broad application, given the value of chiral 1,2-diamines and salens constructed from these in asymmetric catalysis.