Identification and Biosynthetic Study of the Siderophore Lysochelin in the Biocontrol Agent Lysobacter enzymogenes

Authors

Amanda Lynn Miller, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Shanren Li, Fujian Normal University
Catherine D. Eichhorn, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Yongbiao Zheng, Fujian Normal UniversityFollow
Liangcheng Du, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow

ORCID IDs

Yongbiao Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-7542

Catherine D. Eichhorn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8624-1961

Liangcheng Du https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4048-1008

Date of this Version

2023

Citation

Published in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 71 (2023), pp. 7418−7426.

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01250

Comments

Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society. Used by permission.

Abstract

Lysobacter is a genus of bacteria emerging as new biocontrol agents in agriculture. Although iron acquisition is essential for the bacteria, no siderophore has been identified from any Lysobacter. Here, we report the identification of the first siderophore, N1,N8-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)spermidine (lysochelin), and its biosynthetic gene cluster from Lysobacter enzymogenes. Intriguingly, the deletion of the spermidine biosynthetic gene encoding arginine decarboxylase or SAM decarboxylase eliminated lysochelin and the antifungals, HSAF and its analogues, which are key to the disease control activity and to the survival of Lysobacter under oxidative stresses caused by excess iron. The production of lysochelin and the antifungals is greatly affected by iron concentration. Together, the results revealed a previously unrecognized system, in which L. enzymogenes produces a group of small molecules, lysochelin, spermidine, and HSAF and its analogues, that are affected by iron concentration and critical to the growth and survival of the biocontrol agent.