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RESPIRATORY TRACT DAMAGE, HEAT LOSS PATTERNS AND PERFORMANCE OF POULTRY EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA
Abstract
The effects of ammonia were investigated for their effect on the poultry respiratory system, heat production in patterns and performance. The first experiment was conducted with broiler chicks to examine the effect of atmospheric ammonia (NH(,3)) on the trachea. Four broilers were randomly allocated to each of four environmentally controlled chambers and exposed to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm NH(,3) for 7 days. Results of this experiment indicated ciliary loss from the tracheal epithelium was not a consistent finding in any of the exposed groups. There was no evidence of disappearance of goblet cells due to ammonia treatment. A second experiment was conducted with broiler chicks to investigate the effect of atmospheric ammonia on the lung. Four broilers were randomly assigned to each of the four environmentally controlled chambers, and exposed to 0, 50, 75 and 100 ppm NH(,3) for 4 days. Results of this study indicated differences in the lungs under S.E.M. There was an increase in the thckness of the septa as ammonia concentration increased. Lung tissue was also examined with light microscopy to confirm the observed septal thickness. A third experiment was conducted with laying hens to evaluate the effect of atmospheric ammonia on heat production patterns. Heat production was highest at the 60 and 90 ppm NH(,3) treatment levels at 10 days exposure and at the 30 ppm treatment level at 20 days exposure. After 10 days of exposure to NH(,3), the control group and 90 ppm NH(,3) had the highest heat loss by evaporation through the respiratory tract. The group exposed to 30 ppm NH(,3) had the highest evaporative heat loss compared to the other groups at 20 days. The O(,2) consumption and CO(,2) production closely followed the heat production results.(,) A fourth experiment was conducted with laying hens to study the effect of atmospheric ammonia on heat loss pattern change, respiratory tract damage and performance of laying hens. Twelve hens were randomly assigned to each of 4 environmental chambers and exposed to 0, 30, 60 and 90 ppm NH(,3) for 20 days. Results indicated that there was an increase in septa thickness as NH(,3) was increased. Wet-dry ratios indicated that the increase in septa thickness was not caused by edema. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI
Subject Area
Livestock
Recommended Citation
AL-MASHHADANI, ESSA H, "RESPIRATORY TRACT DAMAGE, HEAT LOSS PATTERNS AND PERFORMANCE OF POULTRY EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA" (1984). ETD collection for University of Nebraska-Lincoln. AAI8504808.
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI8504808