Spatiotemporal Reaction Dynamics Control in Two-Photon Polymerization for Enhancing Writing Characteristics

Authors

Aofei Mao, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Sarah Fess, University of Rochester, University of Bordeaux
Nada Kraiem, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Bordeaux University of BordeauxFollow
P. Li, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Zhipeng P. Wu, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Qiuchi Zhu, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow
Xi Huang, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Peixun Fan, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Bai Cui, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow
Jean-Francois Silvain, University of Bordeaux
Suxing Hu, University of Rochester
Mitchell Anthamatten, University of Rochester
Sean P. Regan, University of Rochester
David Harding, University of Rochester
Yongfeng Lu, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

3-12-2024

Citation

Adv. Mater. Technol. 2024, 9, 2400077. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400077

Comments

Open access.

Abstract

Since 2001, 3D microfabrication based on two-photon polymerization (TPP) has drawn extensive attention and interest in biology, optics, photonics, material science, and high-energy physics. The in-volume fabrication capability due to the threshold behavior of two-photon absorption enables TPP higher flexibility compared with other nanofabrication techniques. However, as determined by the in-volume fabrication feature as well as various reaction dynamics, the writing characteristics of TPP, such as throughput, accuracy, surface quality, and fabrication capability, are still limited. Herein, a comprehensive study is performed on the spatiotemporal behavior of reaction dynamics during TPP fabrication, mainly focusing on spatiotemporal characteristics of radical diffusion, photothermal effect, microscale mechanics, and voxel stacking process. Based on the study, a nonsequential fabrication method is established to simultaneously improve key writing characteristics of TPP and realize sharp features, high speeds, large overhang structure, and smooth surfaces. The method established in this work can be applied to improve the performance of functional devices for various fields.