Rice-feeding insects and selected natural enemies in West Africa: Biology, ecology, identification

Authors

E. A. Heinrichs, International Rice Research InstituteFollow
Alberto T. Barrion, International Rice Research Institute

Date of this Version

2004

Citation

E. A. Heinrichs, Alberto T. Barrion. 2004. Rice-feeding insects and selected natural enemies in West Africa: Biology, ecology, identification. Los Baños (Philippines) International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and Abidjan (Coté d’Ivoire) WARDA, 243 p.

Comments

Copyright International Rice Research Institute and Africa Rice Center 2004

Abstract

FOREWORD • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • INTRODUCTION • RICE IN AFRICA • RICE-FEEDING INSECTS • CLIMATIC ZONES AND RICE ECOSYSTEMS AS HABITATS • CONSTRAINTS TO RICE PRODUCTION • SPECIES IN WEST AFRICA • DIRECT DAMAGE • ROLE IN DISEASE TRANSMISSION

BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF RICE-FEEDING INSECTS

ROOT FEEDERS : Mole crickets, Gryllotalpa africana Palisot de Beauvois; Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae • Root aphids, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki); Hemiptera (suborder Homoptera): Aphididae • Termites, Macrotermes, Microtermes, and Trinervitermes spp.; Isoptera: Termitidae • Black beetles, Heteronychus mosambicus Peringuey (= H. oryzae Britton); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae • Rice water weevils, Afroryzophilus djibai Lyal; Coleoptera: Curculionidae •

STEM BORERS : Stalk-eyed fly, Diopsis longicornis Macquart; Diptera: Diopsidae • Stalk-eyed fly, Diopsis apicalis Dalman; Diptera: Diopsidae • Stem borer, Pachylophus beckeri Curran; Diptera: Chloropidae • African striped rice borer, Chilo zacconius Bleszynski; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • African white borer, Maliarpha separatella Ragonot; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • Scirpophaga spp.; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • African pink borers, Sesamia calamistis Hampson and S. nonagrioides botanephaga Tams and Bowden; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

AFRICAN RICE GALL MIDGE : Orseolia oryzivora Harris and Gagne; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae

LEAFHOPPERS AND PLANTHOPPERS : Green leafhoppers, Nephotettix afer Ghauri and Nephotettix modulatus Melichar; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae • White rice leafhoppers, Cofana spectra (Distant) and C. unimaculata (Signoret); Hemiptera: Cicadellidae • White-winged planthopper, Nisia nervosa (Motschulsky); Hemiptera: Meenoplidae • Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata maeander Fennah; Hemiptera: Delphacidae • Rice delphacid, Tagosodes cubanus (Crawford); Hemiptera: Delphacidae • Spittlebugs, Locris maculata maculata Fabricius and L. rubra Fabricius; Hemiptera: Cercopidae

FOLIAGE FEEDERS : Rice caseworm, Nymphula depunctalis (Guenée); Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • Rice leaffolders, Marasmia trapezalis (Guenée); Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • Green-horned caterpillar, Melanitis leda ismene Cramer; Lepidoptera: Satyridae • African rice hispids; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Flea beetles, Chaetocnema spp.; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae • Ladybird beetle, Chnootriba similis (Mulsant); Coleoptera: Coccinellidae • Leaf miner, Cerodontha orbitona (Spencer); Diptera: Agromyzidae • Rice whorl maggot, Hydrellia prosternalis Deeming; Diptera: Ephydridae • Rice grasshoppers : Short-horned grasshoppers, Hieroglyphus daganensis; Orthoptera: Acrididae • Short-horned grasshoppers, Oxya spp.; Orthoptera: Acrididae • Meadow grasshoppers, Conocephalus spp.; Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae • Variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (L.); Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae • Whitefly, Aleurocybotus indicus David and Subramaniam; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae • Spider mites, Oligonychus pratensis Banks, O. senegalensis Gutierrez and Etienne, Tetranychus neocaledonicus Andre; Acari: Tetranychidae

INSECTS THAT ATTACK PANICLES : Earwigs, Diaperasticus erythrocephalus (Olivier); Dermaptera: Forficulidae • Blister beetles; Coleoptera: Meloidae • Panicle thrips, Haplothrips spp.; Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae • Stink bugs, Aspavia spp.; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae • Green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.); Hemiptera: Pentatomidae • Alydid bugs, Stenocoris spp., Mirperus spp. • and Riptortus; Hemiptera: Alydidae • Cotton stainers, Dysdercus spp.; Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae

NATURAL ENEMIES OF WEST AFRICAN RICE-FEEDING INSECTS : INVENTORY OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF WEST AFRICAN RICE-FEEDING INSECTS: Predators • Parasitoids

AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTED WEST AFRICAN RICE INSECTS AND SPIDERS: SECTION I: ORDERS BASED ON ADULTS • SECTION II: INSECTS • SECTION III: SPIDERS

REFERENCES

SUBJECT INDEX FOR THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AND NATURAL ENEMIES SECTIONS