Impact of COVID‑19 on food security and diet quality in Chilanga District, Zambia

Authors

Shela Sridhar, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Janella Kang, University of Nebraska – Lincoln
Joyce Makasa, I4life
Sally Bell‑Cross, I4life
Isabel Madzorera, University of California, Berkeley
Ethan Zulu, Right to Care
Davidson H. Hamer, Boston University School of Public Health

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

2-15-2024

Citation

Sridhar et al. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (2024) 43:27 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00523-5

Comments

Open access.

Abstract

Introduction Food security and nutrition have been severely impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to quantify the impacts of the pandemic on food security and diet diversity within Chilanga District in Zambia and identify target areas for high-impact social protection and safety net programs.

Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Chilanga district immediately after the Omicron variant surge in February 2022. Diet quality and food security were assessed based on a household diet questionnaire and a Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women (MDD-W) score was calculated. A paired t-test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant change in the MDD-W score and McNemar test was used to investigate the change in food security between the pre- and peri-COVID-19 period.

Results Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, there were increases in food prices across the board in the peri- COVID-19 period and decreased consumption of key food categories including legumes, dairy and vitamin A rich foods. Despite high rates of food insecurity, only 6.6% of surveyed households received any cash or in-kind assistance from a government agency, non-profit, or other organization in the post-COVID-19 period.

Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on food security and dietary diversity in Chilanga district. This is particularly relevant in the low-income communities that we surveyed, which had pre-existing challenges with food security. Additional resources must be invested in Chilanga District and similarly affected areas to address this gap in access to food and promote national equity.