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Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP)

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    Date of this Version

    March 2007

    Comments

    Published by the Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP). Used by permission.

    Abstract

    INTRODUCTION
    • Background
    • Need for Policy and Action
    • Policy Context
    • Relevance to New, Existing and Heritage Buildings

    DESIGN-BASED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR BIRD-FRIENDLY BUILDINGS
    • Glass
    • Visual Markers
    • Strategies for Creating Visual Markers
    • Strategies for Muting Reflections

    LIGHT POLLUTION
    • External Lighting Fixtures
    • Types of Lighting
    • Preferred Lighting
    • Discouraged Lighting

    BUILDING MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS
    • Reducing Light Pollution from Interior Lights
    • Cleaning During the Day
    • Internal Location of Greenery

    SITE DESIGN STRATEGIES
    • Lighting
    • Other Site Features
    • Comprehensive Bird-Friendly Site Strategy

    CONCLUSION
    • Glossary

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