U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

 

Range-wide declines of northern spotted owl populations in the Pacific Northwest: A meta-analysis

Alan B. Franklin, USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center
Katie M. Dugger, Oregon State University
Damon B. Lesmeister, USDA ARS Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory
Raymond J. Davis, USDA Forest Service
J. David Wiens, USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
Gary C. White, Colorado State University
James D. Nichols, University of Florida
James E. Hines, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
Charles B. Yackulic, United States Geological Survey
Carl J. Schwarz, Simon Fraser University
Steven H. Ackers, Oregon State University
L. Steven Andrews, Oregon State University
Larissa L. Bailey, Colorado State University
Robin Bown, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Office
Jesse Burgher, USDA ARS Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory
Kenneth P. Burnham, Colorado State University
Peter C. Carlson, Colorado State University
Tara Chestnut, US National Park Service
Mary M. Conner, Utah State University
Krista E. Dilione, USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
Eric D. Forsman, USDA ARS Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory
Elizabeth M. Glenn, United States Geological Survey
Scott A. Gremel, US National Park Service
Keith A. Hamm, Green Diamond Resource Company
Dale R. Herter, Raedeke Associates, Inc.
J. Mark Higley, Forestry Division
Rob B. Horn, United States Department of the Interior
Julianna M. Jenkins, USDA ARS Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory
William L. Kendall, Warner College of Natural Resources
David W. Lamphear, Green Diamond Resource Company
Christopher McCafferty, USDA ARS Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory
Trent L. McDonald, West Incorporated
Janice A. Reid, USDA ARS Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory
Jeremy T. Rockweit, Oregon State University
David C. Simon, USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
Stan G. Sovern, USDA ARS Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory
James K. Swingle, USDA ARS Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory
Heather Wise, United States Department of the Interior

Document Type Article

Abstract

The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) inhabits older coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest and has been at the center of forest management issues in this region. The immediate threats to this federally listed species include habitat loss and competition with barred owls (Strix varia), which invaded from eastern North America. We conducted a prospective meta-analysis to assess population trends and factors affecting those trends in northern spotted owls using 26 years of survey and capture-recapture data from 11 study areas across the owls' geographic range to analyze demographic traits, rates of population change, and occupancy parameters for spotted owl territories. We found that northern spotted owl populations experienced significant declines of 6–9% annually on 6 study areas and 2–5% annually on 5 other study areas. Annual declines translated to ≤35% of the populations remaining on 7 study areas since 1995. Barred owl presence on spotted owl territories was the primary factor negatively affecting apparent survival, recruitment, and ultimately, rates of population change. Analysis of spotted and barred owl detections in an occupancy framework corroborated the capture-recapture analyses with barred owl presence increasing territorial extinction and decreasing territorial colonization of spotted owls. While landscape habitat components reduced the effect of barred owls on these rates of decline, they did not reverse the negative trend. Our analyses indicated that northern spotted owl populations potentially face extirpation if the negative effects of barred owls are not ameliorated while maintaining northern spotted owl habitat across their range.