Effect of Self-Concept, Knowledge Sharing and Utilization on Research Productivity Among Librarians in Public Universities in South-West, Nigeria.

Authors

sarah okonedo, University of Agriculture AbeokutaFollow
Sunday Olarenwaju Popoola, University of IbadanFollow

Date of this Version

11-2-2012

Document Type

Article

Citation

Alavi, M. and Leider, E. D. 2002. Knowledge management systems. In Barnes Stuat(ed.) knowledge management systems: theory and practice, Thomse learning.

Abell, A. and Oxbrow, N. 2001. Competing with knowledge: the information professional in the knowledge management age, London: Facet

Adeleye, R. O. (2009) Relationship among self-concept, job satisfaction and work productivity of individual workers in Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of personnel management, 8(2): 152-164.

Agba, D.M.,Kigongo-Bukenya, I.M.N. and Nyumba, J.B. 2004. Use of electronic information resources by academic staff at Makerere University. University of Dar Es Salaam Library Journal 6(1) 18-29.

Alemna, A. 1998. An overview of library and information science in West Africa. African Journal of Library Archive and Information Science 8(1) 1-2.

Bassey, U., Akuegwu B., Udida L. and Udey F.U. 2007. Academic staff research productivity: a Study of Universities in South-South Zone of Nigeria. Educational Research and Review, 2(5)103-108. Retrieved June 24, 2011, from http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR

Baumeister, R. E. 1997. Identify self-concept and self-esteem: the self lost and found. in R. Hogan and J. A. (Eds). Handbook of personality psychology. 681-710. San Diego, CA: Academic press.

Binz-Scharf, M.C. 2003. Exploration and Exploitation: Toward a Theory of Knowledge Sharing in Digital Government Projects. Dissertation

Black, W. K. and Leysen, J. M. 1994. Scholarship and the Academic Librarian. College and Research Libraries 55 (May 1994): 229–41.

Buttlar, L. 1991. Analyzing the library periodical literature: Content and authorship. College and Research Libraries 52: 38-53. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.

Cabrera, A., and Cabrera, E. F. 2002. Knowledge-sharing dilemmas. Organization Studies 23(5) 687– 710.

Choo, C. W. 2006. The knowing organization; how organization use information to construct meaning, creates knowledge, and makes decisions. (2rd ed). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Cullen, R. 1998. Does performance measurement imply organizational effectiveness? In Proceedings of the Second Northumbria International Conference on Performance Measurement in Libraries and Information Services, Newcastle on Tyne, UK Information North: 3-20.

Darr, E. D., Argote, L., and Epple, D. 1995. The acquisition, transfer, and depreciation of knowledge in service organizations: Productivity in franchises. Management Science 41(11)1750-1762.

Epple, D., Argote, L., and Devadas, R. 1991. Organizational learning curves: A method for investigating intra-plant transfer of knowledge acquired through learning by doing. Organization Science 2(1) 58-70.

Franken, R.1994. Human Motivation (3^rd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole pub.

Gergen, K. 1971. The concept of self. New York: holt.

Greenhalgh, T. et al. 2005. Diffussion of innovations in health service organizations. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell publishing Ltd.

Hughes, H. 2006. Responses and influences: a model of online information use for learning. Information Research 12(1). Retrieved July 23, 2011, from

http:// information.net/r/12-1/paper279.html

Iyaro, A. O. 2002. Influence of self-concept, job motivation and satisfaction on work performance of university Library personnel in south-west, Nigeria. Unpuplished MLIS project, Ibadan, Nigeria, 86p.

Jarvenpaa, S.L. and Staples, D.S. 2000. The use of collaborative electronic media for information sharing: an exploratory study of determinants. Journal of Strategic Information System 9(1) 129–154.

Kulkarni, U. R., Ravindran, S., and Freeze, R. (2006). A knowledge management success model: Theoretical development and empirical validation. Journal of

Management Information Systems, 23(3), 309−347.

Lee, H. 2000. The role of libraries in knowledge management. Retrieved on April 24, 2011from http:/szlib.szptt.net.cn/download/km_n_lib.ppt

Lertputtarak, S.2008. An Investigation of Factors Related to Research Productivity in a Public University in Thailand: A Case Study. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education, School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved June 2, 2011, from http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/uploads/approved/adt-UT20080711.120505/public/01front.pdf

Limberg, L. 1998. To seek information for learning: a study of interaction between information seeking and learning. Boras Sweden:Valfrid.

Marsh, H. W., and Craven, R. 1997. Academic self-concept: Beyond the dustbowl. In G. Phye (Ed.), Handbook of classroom assessment: Learning, achievement, and adjustment (pp. 131-198). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

McLeod, S. A. (2008). Simply Psychology; the Self Concept in Psychology. Retrieved April 3, 2012 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/self-concept.html

Moahi, K.H. 2007. Library and Information Science Research in Botswana: an analysis of trends and patterns world library and information congress: 73rd ifla general conference and council 19-23 august 2007, durban, south Africa. Retrieved June15, 2011 from http://www.ifla.org/iv/ifla73/index

Molholt, P. 1998. Structuring models of research information science: Attitudes, perceptions, and values. Samuel Laseraw Memorial lecture presented at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Moorman, C. and Minner, A.S. 1997. The impact of organizational memory in new product performance and creativity. Journal of marketing research 34: 91-109

Mularski, C.A., and Bradigan, P.S. 1991. Academic health science librarians publication pattern. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association. 79 (2): 168-177.

Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. 1998. Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(3) 242–267.

Nonaka, I. 1994. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science 5(1)14–37.

Nwakanma, C. D. 2003. Research publications in library and information Science (LIS) in Nigeria: publishing to the wrong audience. African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 13(2) 93-106.

Ochai, A. and Nedosa, P. 1998. Publication output of librarians: the search for alternative justifications. African Journal of Library and Information Science 8 (2) 89-96.

Ogbomo, E. F. 2010. Publication Output of Librarians in Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study of Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1-9 Received on 27/4/2011 from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/322

Oguniyi, A. S. (2008) self-concept, personal factors and job productivity of workers in federal colleges of Education in Nigeria. Education Research, 8(3): 138-156.

Okebukola, P. 2002. The state of university education in Nigeria. National Universities Commission, Abuja, Nigeria.

Okiy, R. B. 2000. Assessing students and faculty use of academic libraries in Nigeria: The study of Delta State University, Abraka. Frontiers of Information and Information Science 1(1) 65-75.

Okiki, O. C. 2011. Information literacy skills as factors influencing research productivity of academic staff in Nigerian Federal Universities. A PhD pre-field seminar presented at the department of Library, Archival and Information Studies, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Onifade, F.N. 2011. Relationship among knowledge sharing, organizational culture and organizational effectiveness in Nigerian Federal University Libraries. PhD. Thesis. Dept. of Library, Archival and information studies. University of Ibadan. 68pp.

Onohwakpor, J.E., Tiemo, D.A. 2006. The pains and gains of publication requirements: A survey of librarians in Delta State University, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice 8 (2).

Oshagbemi, T. 1997. Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in higher education.

Education and Training 39(9) 354-359.

Parekh, R.A. 2008. Knowledge Sharing: Collaboration between Universities and Industrial Organisations.

Parirokh, M. 2008. How Implementation of Knowledge Management can make a difference in Libraries: A Case Study of KM practice in Astan Quds Library Organization. World Congress of Muslim Librarian & Information Scientists 25th -27th November 2008 Putra World Trade Center.

Petrides, A. L. and Nodine, R.T. 2003. Knowledge management in Education: defining the Landscape, the institute for the study of knowledge management in Education press, USA.

Popoola, S. O. 2010. Knowledge untilization scale of managers in organization. Ibadan: Department of Library, Archival and Information Studies, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Powell, R. R., Baker, L. M., and Mika, J. J. 2002. Library and information science practitioners and research. Library and Information Science Research 24 (1) 49-72.

Powell, R.R. 1997. Basic research methods for librarians. 3rd ed. Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Purkey, W. W. 1988. An Overview of Self-Concept Theory for Counselors. Highlights: An ERIC/CAPS Digest. ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Personnel Services Ann Arbor MI.

Ramsden, P. 1994. Describing and Explaining Research Productivity. Higher Education, 28(2) (Sep., 1994), pp. 207-226. Retrieved June16, 2011 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3447753

Rhodman, A. 2002. The effects of academic origin and academic affiliation on research productivity: an empirical investigation of information system faculty, Doctoral Dissertation, Mississippi State University, USA, viewed 4 May 2011, retrieved from UMI database.

Ryan, R.M. and Deci, E.I. 2000. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55:68-78.

Salaam, M.O. and Agboola, A.T. 2002. Academic status and Job performance in Nigerian Library and Information Science Review 20 (1/2) 41-48

Salisbury, M. W. 2003. Putting theory to practice to build knowledge management systems. Journal of Knowledge Management 7(2)128-141

Sanyal B.C. 1995. Innovations in University Management. Paris UNESCO Publishing. International Institute for Educational Planning

Savolainen, R. 2009. Epistemic work and knowing in practice as conceptualizations of information use. Information Research 14(1), paper 392. Retrieved Aug. 24, 2011, from http:// information.net/ir/14-1/paper392.html

Sedikadiwa, E. 2005. Scholarly publishing in East African public universities. Research report presented at staff-students seminars, University of Dar Es Sallam Library, 6th October (unpublished).

Seufert, A., Back, A. and Von Krogh, G. 2003. ‘Unleashing the power of networks for knowledge management: putting knowledge networks into action’, in Beerli, A.J., Falk, S. and Diemers, D. (Eds.): Knowledge Management and Networked Environments:Leveraging Intellectual Capital in Virtual Business Communities, AMACOM, New York, pp.99–136.

Shavelson, R.J. and Bolus,R. 1992. Self Concept: the interplay of theory and methods. Journal of Educational Psychology 853-882.

Shokeen, A. and Kaushik, S.K. 2002 Information seeking behaviour of social scientists of Hanyana universities. Library Heraid 4(1) 28-35

Suwanwala, J. 1991. The road of University, Chulakorn University Press, Bangkok, Thailand

Utulu , S.C.A. 2005. Role of journals in developing emerging scholars in library and information science. Proceedings of the conference held at conference centre University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Third World Information Services Ltd.

Uzun, A. 2002. Productivity ratings of institutions based on publication in scientometrics, infometrics, and bibliometrics, 1981-2000, Scientometrics, 53 (3) 297-307.

Wasko, M.M. and Faraj, S. 2000. It is what one does: Why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. Journal of Strategic Information System, 9(1), 155–173.

Yaghi, K. et al. 2011. Knowledge sharing degree among the undergraduate students: a case study at applied science private university. International Journal Of Academic Research 3(1)

Yahaya, A. 2009. The Relationship between Self-Concept and Communication Skills towards Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students in Johor Bahru. International Journal of Psychological Studies 1(2)

Alavi, M. and Leider, E. D. 2002. Knowledge management systems. In Barnes Stuat(ed.) knowledge management systems: theory and practice, Thomse learning.

Abell, A. and Oxbrow, N. 2001. Competing with knowledge: the information professional in the knowledge management age, London: Facet

Adeleye, R. O. (2009) Relationship among self-concept, job satisfaction and work productivity of individual workers in Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of personnel management, 8(2): 152-164.

Agba, D.M.,Kigongo-Bukenya, I.M.N. and Nyumba, J.B. 2004. Use of electronic information resources by academic staff at Makerere University. University of Dar Es Salaam Library Journal 6(1) 18-29.

Alemna, A. 1998. An overview of library and information science in West Africa. African Journal of Library Archive and Information Science 8(1) 1-2.

Bassey, U., Akuegwu B., Udida L. and Udey F.U. 2007. Academic staff research productivity: a Study of Universities in South-South Zone of Nigeria. Educational Research and Review, 2(5)103-108. Retrieved June 24, 2011, from http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR

Baumeister, R. E. 1997. Identify self-concept and self-esteem: the self lost and found. in R. Hogan and J. A. (Eds). Handbook of personality psychology. 681-710. San Diego, CA: Academic press.

Binz-Scharf, M.C. 2003. Exploration and Exploitation: Toward a Theory of Knowledge Sharing in Digital Government Projects. Dissertation

Black, W. K. and Leysen, J. M. 1994. Scholarship and the Academic Librarian. College and Research Libraries 55 (May 1994): 229–41.

Buttlar, L. 1991. Analyzing the library periodical literature: Content and authorship. College and Research Libraries 52: 38-53. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.

Cabrera, A., and Cabrera, E. F. 2002. Knowledge-sharing dilemmas. Organization Studies 23(5) 687– 710.

Choo, C. W. 2006. The knowing organization; how organization use information to construct meaning, creates knowledge, and makes decisions. (2rd ed). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Cullen, R. 1998. Does performance measurement imply organizational effectiveness? In Proceedings of the Second Northumbria International Conference on Performance Measurement in Libraries and Information Services, Newcastle on Tyne, UK Information North: 3-20.

Darr, E. D., Argote, L., and Epple, D. 1995. The acquisition, transfer, and depreciation of knowledge in service organizations: Productivity in franchises. Management Science 41(11)1750-1762.

Epple, D., Argote, L., and Devadas, R. 1991. Organizational learning curves: A method for investigating intra-plant transfer of knowledge acquired through learning by doing. Organization Science 2(1) 58-70.

Franken, R.1994. Human Motivation (3^rd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole pub.

Gergen, K. 1971. The concept of self. New York: holt.

Greenhalgh, T. et al. 2005. Diffussion of innovations in health service organizations. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell publishing Ltd.

Hughes, H. 2006. Responses and influences: a model of online information use for learning. Information Research 12(1). Retrieved July 23, 2011, from

http:// information.net/r/12-1/paper279.html

Iyaro, A. O. 2002. Influence of self-concept, job motivation and satisfaction on work performance of university Library personnel in south-west, Nigeria. Unpuplished MLIS project, Ibadan, Nigeria, 86p.

Jarvenpaa, S.L. and Staples, D.S. 2000. The use of collaborative electronic media for information sharing: an exploratory study of determinants. Journal of Strategic Information System 9(1) 129–154.

Kulkarni, U. R., Ravindran, S., and Freeze, R. (2006). A knowledge management success model: Theoretical development and empirical validation. Journal of

Management Information Systems, 23(3), 309−347.

Lee, H. 2000. The role of libraries in knowledge management. Retrieved on April 24, 2011from http:/szlib.szptt.net.cn/download/km_n_lib.ppt

Lertputtarak, S.2008. An Investigation of Factors Related to Research Productivity in a Public University in Thailand: A Case Study. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education, School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved June 2, 2011, from http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/uploads/approved/adt-UT20080711.120505/public/01front.pdf

Limberg, L. 1998. To seek information for learning: a study of interaction between information seeking and learning. Boras Sweden:Valfrid.

Marsh, H. W., and Craven, R. 1997. Academic self-concept: Beyond the dustbowl. In G. Phye (Ed.), Handbook of classroom assessment: Learning, achievement, and adjustment (pp. 131-198). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

McLeod, S. A. (2008). Simply Psychology; the Self Concept in Psychology. Retrieved April 3, 2012 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/self-concept.html

Moahi, K.H. 2007. Library and Information Science Research in Botswana: an analysis of trends and patterns world library and information congress: 73rd ifla general conference and council 19-23 august 2007, durban, south Africa. Retrieved June15, 2011 from http://www.ifla.org/iv/ifla73/index

Molholt, P. 1998. Structuring models of research information science: Attitudes, perceptions, and values. Samuel Laseraw Memorial lecture presented at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Moorman, C. and Minner, A.S. 1997. The impact of organizational memory in new product performance and creativity. Journal of marketing research 34: 91-109

Mularski, C.A., and Bradigan, P.S. 1991. Academic health science librarians publication pattern. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association. 79 (2): 168-177.

Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. 1998. Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(3) 242–267.

Nonaka, I. 1994. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science 5(1)14–37.

Nwakanma, C. D. 2003. Research publications in library and information Science (LIS) in Nigeria: publishing to the wrong audience. African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 13(2) 93-106.

Ochai, A. and Nedosa, P. 1998. Publication output of librarians: the search for alternative justifications. African Journal of Library and Information Science 8 (2) 89-96.

Ogbomo, E. F. 2010. Publication Output of Librarians in Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study of Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1-9 Received on 27/4/2011 from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/322

Oguniyi, A. S. (2008) self-concept, personal factors and job productivity of workers in federal colleges of Education in Nigeria. Education Research, 8(3): 138-156.

Okebukola, P. 2002. The state of university education in Nigeria. National Universities Commission, Abuja, Nigeria.

Okiy, R. B. 2000. Assessing students and faculty use of academic libraries in Nigeria: The study of Delta State University, Abraka. Frontiers of Information and Information Science 1(1) 65-75.

Okiki, O. C. 2011. Information literacy skills as factors influencing research productivity of academic staff in Nigerian Federal Universities. A PhD pre-field seminar presented at the department of Library, Archival and Information Studies, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Onifade, F.N. 2011. Relationship among knowledge sharing, organizational culture and organizational effectiveness in Nigerian Federal University Libraries. PhD. Thesis. Dept. of Library, Archival and information studies. University of Ibadan. 68pp.

Onohwakpor, J.E., Tiemo, D.A. 2006. The pains and gains of publication requirements: A survey of librarians in Delta State University, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice 8 (2).

Oshagbemi, T. 1997. Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in higher education.

Education and Training 39(9) 354-359.

Parekh, R.A. 2008. Knowledge Sharing: Collaboration between Universities and Industrial Organisations.

Parirokh, M. 2008. How Implementation of Knowledge Management can make a difference in Libraries: A Case Study of KM practice in Astan Quds Library Organization. World Congress of Muslim Librarian & Information Scientists 25th -27th November 2008 Putra World Trade Center.

Petrides, A. L. and Nodine, R.T. 2003. Knowledge management in Education: defining the Landscape, the institute for the study of knowledge management in Education press, USA.

Popoola, S. O. 2010. Knowledge untilization scale of managers in organization. Ibadan: Department of Library, Archival and Information Studies, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Powell, R. R., Baker, L. M., and Mika, J. J. 2002. Library and information science practitioners and research. Library and Information Science Research 24 (1) 49-72.

Powell, R.R. 1997. Basic research methods for librarians. 3rd ed. Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Purkey, W. W. 1988. An Overview of Self-Concept Theory for Counselors. Highlights: An ERIC/CAPS Digest. ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Personnel Services Ann Arbor MI.

Ramsden, P. 1994. Describing and Explaining Research Productivity. Higher Education, 28(2) (Sep., 1994), pp. 207-226. Retrieved June16, 2011 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3447753

Rhodman, A. 2002. The effects of academic origin and academic affiliation on research productivity: an empirical investigation of information system faculty, Doctoral Dissertation, Mississippi State University, USA, viewed 4 May 2011, retrieved from UMI database.

Ryan, R.M. and Deci, E.I. 2000. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55:68-78.

Salaam, M.O. and Agboola, A.T. 2002. Academic status and Job performance in Nigerian Library and Information Science Review 20 (1/2) 41-48

Salisbury, M. W. 2003. Putting theory to practice to build knowledge management systems. Journal of Knowledge Management 7(2)128-141

Sanyal B.C. 1995. Innovations in University Management. Paris UNESCO Publishing. International Institute for Educational Planning

Savolainen, R. 2009. Epistemic work and knowing in practice as conceptualizations of information use. Information Research 14(1), paper 392. Retrieved Aug. 24, 2011, from http:// information.net/ir/14-1/paper392.html

Sedikadiwa, E. 2005. Scholarly publishing in East African public universities. Research report presented at staff-students seminars, University of Dar Es Sallam Library, 6th October (unpublished).

Seufert, A., Back, A. and Von Krogh, G. 2003. ‘Unleashing the power of networks for knowledge management: putting knowledge networks into action’, in Beerli, A.J., Falk, S. and Diemers, D. (Eds.): Knowledge Management and Networked Environments:Leveraging Intellectual Capital in Virtual Business Communities, AMACOM, New York, pp.99–136.

Shavelson, R.J. and Bolus,R. 1992. Self Concept: the interplay of theory and methods. Journal of Educational Psychology 853-882.

Shokeen, A. and Kaushik, S.K. 2002 Information seeking behaviour of social scientists of Hanyana universities. Library Heraid 4(1) 28-35

Suwanwala, J. 1991. The road of University, Chulakorn University Press, Bangkok, Thailand

Utulu , S.C.A. 2005. Role of journals in developing emerging scholars in library and information science. Proceedings of the conference held at conference centre University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Third World Information Services Ltd.

Uzun, A. 2002. Productivity ratings of institutions based on publication in scientometrics, infometrics, and bibliometrics, 1981-2000, Scientometrics, 53 (3) 297-307.

Wasko, M.M. and Faraj, S. 2000. It is what one does: Why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. Journal of Strategic Information System, 9(1), 155–173.

Yaghi, K. et al. 2011. Knowledge sharing degree among the undergraduate students: a case study at applied science private university. International Journal Of Academic Research 3(1)

Yahaya, A. 2009. The Relationship between Self-Concept and Communication Skills towards Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students in Johor Bahru. International Journal of Psychological Studies 1(2)

Abstract

Research is subsisting and necessary part of modern university, therefore the significance of publication in the growth and development of the library profession cannot be overestimated. This study focused on the effects of self-concept, knowledge sharing and utilization on research productivity of librarians in public university in South-West Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted; a total of one hundred and seven-four (174) respondents were selected for the study and 134 copies of the questionnaires were returned and virtually used for the study. The result showed that the level of publication of librarians is moderately high. There was relative effects of self concept (β =0.253, P < 0.05 and knowledge utilization (β = 0.216, P < 0.05) on research productivity of librarians in public universities in South-West while, knowledge Sharing (β = -0.144, P >0.05) was not relatively significant on research productivity. Furthermore, the finding established that the joint effect of self concept, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization on research productivity was significant (F (3,130) = 6.067; R = 0.350, R² = 0.123, Adj. R² = 0.103; P < 0.05). It was concluded that librarians who possess high self-concept and who properly make use of knowledge gained through knowledge sharing will have high research productivity. It was recommended that internal seminar and workshops should be organized every quarter of the year where it will be made compulsory for each librarian to present a quality paper. This will encourage knowledge sharing and will increase librarians’ zeal to utilize knowledge and also have more research publications.