Developing a Slow-Release Permanganate Composite for Degrading Aquaculture Antibiotics

Authors

Chainarong Sakulthaew, Kasetsart University
Chanat Chokejaroenrat, Kasetsart University
Sidaporn Panya, Kasetsart University
Apisit Songsasen, Kasetsart University
Kitipong Poomipuen, Kasetsart University
Saksit Imman, University of Phayao
Nopparat Suriyachai, University of Phayao
Torpong Kreetachat, University of Phayao
Steven Comfort, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

6-7-2023

Citation

Sakulthaew, C.; Chokejaroenrat, C.; Panya, S.; Songsasen, A.; Poomipuen, K.; Imman, S.; Suriyachai, N.; Kreetachat, T.; Comfort, S. Developing a Slow-Release Permanganate Composite for Degrading Aquaculture Antibiotics. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1025. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/antibiotics12061025

Comments

Open access.

Abstract

Copious use of antibiotics in aquaculture farming systems has resulted in surface water contamination in some countries. Our objective was to develop a slow-release oxidant that could be used in situ to reduce antibiotic concentrations in discharges from aquaculture lagoons. We accomplished this by generating a slow-release permanganate (SR-MnO₄^-) that was composed of a biodegradable wax and a phosphate-based dispersing agent. Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and its synergistic antibiotics were used as representative surrogates. Kinetic experiments verified that the antibiotic-MnO₄^- reactions were first-order with respect to MnO₄^- and initial antibiotic concentration (second-order rates: 0.056–0.128 s^-1 M^-1). A series of batch experiments showed that solution pH, water matrices, and humic acids impacted SDM degradation efficiency. Degradation plateaus were observed in the presence of humic acids (>20 mgL^-1), which caused greater MnO₂ production. A mixture of KMnO4/beeswax/paraffin (SRB) at a ratio of 11.5:4:1 (w/w) was better for biodegradability and the continual release of MnO₄^-, but MnO₂ formation altered release patterns. Adding tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) into the composite resulted in delaying MnO₂ aggregation and increased SDM removal efficiency to 90% due to the increased oxidative sites on the MnO₂ particle surface. The MnO₄^- release data fit the Siepmann–Peppas model over the long term (t < 48 d) while a Higuchi model provided a better fit for shorter timeframes (t < 8 d). Our flow-through discharge tank system using SRB with TKPP continually reduced the SDM concentration in both DI water and lagoon wastewater. These results support SRB with TKPP as an effective composite for treating antibiotic residues in aquaculture discharge water.