Home-site advantage for host species–specific gut microbiota

Authors

Daniel D. Sprockett, Cornell University
Jeff Price, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Anthony Juritsch, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Robert J. Schmaltz, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow
Madalena V. F. Real, Cornell University
Samantha L. Goldman, Cornell University
Michael Sheehan, Cornell University
Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow
Andrew H. Moeller, Cornell University

Date of this Version

5-12-2023

Citation

Sprockett et al., Sci. Adv. 9, eadf5499 (2023). 10.1126/sciadv.adf5499

Comments

Used by permission.

Abstract

Mammalian species harbor compositionally distinct gut microbial communities, but the mechanisms that maintain specificity of symbionts to host species remain unclear. Here, we show that natural selection within house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) drives deterministic assembly of the house-mouse gut microbiota from mixtures of native and non-native microbiotas. Competing microbiotas from wild-derived lines of house mice and other mouse species (Mus and Peromyscus spp.) within germ-free wild-type (WT) and Rag1-knockout (Rag1^−/−) house mice revealed widespread fitness advantages for native gut bacteria. Native bacterial lineages significantly outcompeted non-native lineages in both WT and Rag1^−/− mice, indicating home-site advantage for native microbiota independent of host adaptive immunity. However, a minority of native Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes favored by selection in WT hosts were not favored or disfavored in Rag1^−/− hosts, indicating that Rag1 mediates fitness advantages of these strains. This study demonstrates home-site advantage for native gut bacteria, consistent with local adaptation of gut microbiota to their mammalian species.