Toward a Formal Theory of Flexible Spatial Behavior: Geometric Category Biases Generalize Across Pointing and Verbal Response Types

Authors

John P. Spencer, University of IowaFollow
Vanessa R. Simmering, University of IowaFollow
Anne R. Schutte, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

April 2006

Comments

Published in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 32:2 (2006), pp. 473–490. Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.473 Used by permission.

Abstract

Three experiments tested whether geometric biases—-biases away from perceived reference axes—-reported in spatial recall tasks with pointing responses generalized to a recognition task that required a verbal response. Seven-year-olds and adults remembered the location of a dot within a rectangle and then either reproduced its location or verbally selected a matching choice dot from a set of colored options. Results demonstrated that geometric biases generalized to verbal responses; however, the spatial span of the choice set influenced performance as well. These data suggest that the same spatial memory process gives rise to both response types in this task. Simulations of a dynamic field model buttress this claim. More generally, these results challenge accounts that posit separate spatial systems for motor and verbal responses.