Does preschool executive control mediate the impact of early environmental unpredictability and deprivation on the general factor of psychopathology a decade later?

Authors

Eric Phillips, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Rebecca L. Brock, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Tiffany D. James, University of Nebraska–LincolnFollow
Jennifer Nelson, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
W. Alex Mason, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Kimberly Andrews Espy, University of Texas at San Antonio
Timothy D. Nelson, University of Nebraska–LincolnFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

1-14-2023

Citation

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry **:* (2023), pp **–** doi:10.1111/jcpp.13775

Comments

Open access.

Abstract

Background: Although deprivation has been consistently shown to increase risk for psychopathology through impaired executive control, the unique effects of other dimensions of early adversity, such as unpredictability, on executive control development are poorly understood. The current study evaluated whether deprivation and/or unpredictability early in life have unique effects on the general factor of psychopathology through impaired preschool executive control. Methods: Participants included 312 children (51% female) oversampled for greater sociodemographic risk. Preschool executive control was measured using a battery of nine developmentally appropriate executive control tasks. Dimensions of adversity were measured with observational and caregiver assessments, and psychopathology was measured with caregiver and child reports. Results: In separate models, both deprivation and unpredictability had significant indirect effects on the adolescent general factor of psychopathology through impaired preschool executive control. However, when both dimensions of adversity were included simultaneously, early life deprivation, but not unpredictability, was uniquely associated with the general factor of psychopathology in adolescence through impaired preschool executive control. Conclusions: Preschool executive control appears to be a transdiagnostic mechanism through which deprivation, but not unpredictability, increases risk for the general factor of psychopathology in adolescence. Results elucidate potential transdiagnostic targets for intervention efforts aimed at reducing the development and maintenance of psychopathology across the life span.