Treatment of Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium vivax with Chloroquine and Primaquine or Halofantrine

Authors

J. Kevin Baird, ALERTAsia FoundationFollow
Hasan Basri, US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, and Provincial Health Service, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Budi Subianto, US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, and Provincial Health Service, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia
David J. Fryauff, US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, and Provincial Health Service, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, IndonesiaFollow
Peter D. McElroy, US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, and Provincial Health Service, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Budhi Leksana, US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, and Provincial Health Service, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Thomas L. Richie, US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, and Provincial Health Service, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Sofyan Masbar, US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, and Provincial Health Service, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia
F. Stephen Wignall, US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, and Provincial Health Service, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Stehen L. Hoffman, US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, and Provincial Health Service, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia

Date of this Version

1995

Citation

JID 1995; 171 (June) 1678-1682

Comments

U.S. Government Work

Abstract

Optimal therapy gor infection by chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax has not been established. From 1992 to 1994 during three separate studies, 147 Javanese residents of Irian Jaya infected by P. vivax were treated with either chloroquine (2 5 mg of base/kg during 3 days or 10mg of base/kg in one dose) plus primaquine (1 0 mg/kg during 28 days or 2.5 mg/kg during 3 days)( n = 78), chloroquine plus placebo( n = 50), or halofantrine (24 mg base/kg in 12 h; n = 19). There was no difference in tolerance to or side effects of any of the regimens. Within 14 days of starting therapy, therapeutic failure among these patients was 44% for chloroquine, 5% for chloroquine plus primaquine (P < .001), and 0 for halofantrine (P < .001). After 28 days, therapeutic failure was 78%, 15%, and 6% respectively. Thus, chloroquine plus primaquine in combination and halofantrine alone are effective therapies for chloroquine-resistant P. vivax.