Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of
Date of this Version
8-2017
Citation
Khatiwada S, Delhon G, Nagendraprabhu P, Chaulagain S, Luo S, Diel DG, et al. (2017) A parapoxviral virion protein inhibits NF-κB signaling early in infection. PLoS Pathog 13(8): e1006561. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006561
Abstract
Poxviruses have evolved unique proteins and mechanisms to counteract the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is an essential regulatory pathway of host innate immune responses. Here, we describe a NF-κB inhibitory virion protein of orf virus (ORFV), ORFV073, which functions very early in infected cells. Infection with ORFV073 gene deletion virus (OV-IA82Δ073) led to increased accumulation of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), marked phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) subunits IKKα and IKKβ, IκBα and NF-κB subunit p65 (NF-κB-p65), and to early nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in virusinfected cells (30 min post infection). Expression of ORFV073 alone was sufficient to inhibit TNFα induced activation of the NF-κB signaling in uninfected cells. Consistent with observed inhibition of IKK complex activation, ORFV073 interacted with the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex NEMO. Infection of sheep with OV-IA82Δ073 led to virus attenuation, indicating that ORFV073 is a virulence determinant in the natural host. Notably, ORFV073 represents the first poxviral virion-associated NF-κB inhibitor described, highlighting the significance of viral inhibition of NF-κB signaling very early in infection.
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Comments
Copyright: © 2017 Khatiwada et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,