Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of

 

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

8-2017

Citation

Khatiwada S, Delhon G, Nagendraprabhu P, Chaulagain S, Luo S, Diel DG, et al. (2017) A parapoxviral virion protein inhibits NF-κB signaling early in infection. PLoS Pathog 13(8): e1006561. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006561

Comments

Copyright: © 2017 Khatiwada et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,

Abstract

Poxviruses have evolved unique proteins and mechanisms to counteract the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is an essential regulatory pathway of host innate immune responses. Here, we describe a NF-κB inhibitory virion protein of orf virus (ORFV), ORFV073, which functions very early in infected cells. Infection with ORFV073 gene deletion virus (OV-IA82Δ073) led to increased accumulation of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), marked phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) subunits IKKα and IKKβ, IκBα and NF-κB subunit p65 (NF-κB-p65), and to early nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in virusinfected cells (30 min post infection). Expression of ORFV073 alone was sufficient to inhibit TNFα induced activation of the NF-κB signaling in uninfected cells. Consistent with observed inhibition of IKK complex activation, ORFV073 interacted with the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex NEMO. Infection of sheep with OV-IA82Δ073 led to virus attenuation, indicating that ORFV073 is a virulence determinant in the natural host. Notably, ORFV073 represents the first poxviral virion-associated NF-κB inhibitor described, highlighting the significance of viral inhibition of NF-κB signaling very early in infection.

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