Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Weight Gain during the First Trimester of Gestation in Beef Heifers Alters the Fetal Liver Amino Acid, Carbohydrate, and Energy Profile at Day 83 of Gestation

Authors

Matthew S. Crouse, USDA ARS Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research CenterFollow
Kacie L. McCarthy, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Ana Clara B. Menezes, North Dakota State University
Cierrah J. Kassetas, North Dakota State University
Friederike Baumgaertner, North Dakota State University
James D. Kirsch, North Dakota State University
Sheri Dorsam, North Dakota State University
Tammi L. Neville, North Dakota State University
Alison K. Ward, North Dakota State University
Pawel P. Borowicz, North Dakota State University
Lawrence P. Reynolds, North Dakota State University
Kevin K. Sedivec, North Dakota State University
J. Chris Forcherio, Purina Animal Nutrition
Ronald Scott, Purina Animal Nutrition
Joel S. Caton, North Dakota State University
Carl R. Dahlen, North Dakota State University

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

8-1-2022

Citation

Crouse, M.S.; McCarthy, K.L.; Menezes, A.C.B.; Kassetas, C.J.; Baumgaertner, F.; Kirsch, J.D.; Dorsam, S.; Neville, T.L.;Ward, A.K.; Borowicz, P.P.; et al. Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Weight Gain during the First Trimester of Gestation in Beef Heifers Alters the Fetal Liver Amino Acid, Carbohydrate, and Energy Profile at Day 83 of Gestation. Metabolites 2022, 12, 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ metabo12080696

Comments

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding heifers a vitamin and mineral supplement and targeting divergent rates of weight gain during early gestation on the fetal liver amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy profile at d 83 of gestation. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to one of four treatments comprising the main effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation (VTM or NOVTM) and feeding to achieve different rates of weight gain (low gain [LG] 0.28 kg/day vs. moderate gain [MG] 0.79 kg/day). Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and fetal liver was collected and analyzed by reverse phase UPLC-tandem mass spectrometry with positive and negative ion mode electrospray ionization, as well as by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography UPLC-MS/MS with negative ion mode ESI for compounds of known identity. The Glycine, Serine, and Threonine metabolism pathway and the Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine metabolism pathway had a greater total metabolite abundance in the liver of the NOVTM-LG group and least in the VTM-LG group (p < 0.01). Finally, both the TCA Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation pathways within the Energy Metabolism superpathway were differentially affected by the main effect of VTM, where the TCA cycle metabolites were greater (p = 0.04) in the NOVTM fetal livers and the Oxidative Phosphorylation biochemicals were greater (p = 0.02) in the fetal livers of the VTM supplemented heifers. These data demonstrate that the majority of metabolites that are affected by rate of weight gain or vitamin/mineral supplementation are decreased in heifers on a greater rate of weight gain or vitamin/mineral supplementation.