SESTRINs: Emerging Dynamic Stress-Sensors in Metabolic and Environmental Health

Authors

Seung Hyun Ro, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Julianne Fay, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Cesar I. Cyuzuzo, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Yura Jang, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Naeun Lee, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Hyun Seob Song, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Edward N. Harris, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

12-3-2020

Citation

Ro S-H, Fay J, Cyuzuzo CI, Jang Y, Lee N, Song H-S and Harris EN (2020) SESTRINs: Emerging Dynamic Stress-Sensors in Metabolic and Environmental Health. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:603421. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603421

Comments

OPEN ACCESS

Abstract

Proper timely management of various external and internal stresses is critical for metabolic and redox homeostasis in mammals. In particular, dysregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) triggered from metabolic stress and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from environmental and genotoxic stress are well-known culprits leading to chronic metabolic disease conditions in humans. Sestrins are one of the metabolic and environmental stress-responsive groups of proteins, which solely have the ability to regulate both mTORC activity and ROS levels in cells, tissues and organs. While Sestrins are originally reported as one of several p53 target genes, recent studies have further delineated the roles of this group of stress-sensing proteins in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, glucose and fat metabolism, and redox-function in metabolic disease and aging. In this review, we discuss recent studies that investigated and manipulated Sestrins-mediated stress signaling pathways in metabolic and environmental health. Sestrins as an emerging dynamic group of stress-sensor proteins are drawing a spotlight as a preventive or therapeutic mechanism in both metabolic stress-associated pathologies and aging processes at the same time.