Optical probing of gastrocnemius in patients with peripheral artery disease characterizes myopathic biochemical alterations and correlates with stage of disease

Ryan A. Becker, Wichita State University
Kim Cluff, Wichita State University
Nithyanandhi Duraisamy, Wichita State University
Hootan Mehraein, Wichita State University
Hussam Farhoud, Heartland Cardiology, Wichita, Kansas
Tracie Collins, University of Kansas Medical Center
George P. Casale, University of Nebraska Medical Center
Iraklis I. Pipinos, University of Nebraska Medical Center
Jeyamkondan Subbiah, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Document Type Article

Copyright 2017 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,

Abstract

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a condition caused by atherosclerotic blockages in the arteries supplying the lower limbs and is characterized by ischemia of the leg, progressive myopathy, and increased risk of limb loss. The affected leg muscles undergo significant changes of their biochemistry and metabolism including variations in the levels of many key proteins, lipids, and nucleotides. The mechanisms behind these changes are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to correlate the severity of the PAD disease stage and associated hemodynamic limitation (determined by the ankle brachial index, ABI) in the legs of the patients with alterations in the biochemistry of chronically ischemic leg muscle as determined by ATR-Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Muscle (gastrocnemius) biopsies were collected from 13 subjects including four control patients (ABI≥0.9), five claudicating patients (0.4 ≤ ABI