Insertional Inactivation of Treponema denticola tap1 Results in a Nonmotile Mutant with Elongated Flagellar Hooks

Authors

Ronald J. Limberger, David Axelrod Institute for Public HealthFollow
Linda L. Slivienski, David Axelrod Institute for Public Health
Jacques Izard, David Axelrod Institute for Public HealthFollow
William A. Samsonoff, David Axelrod Institute for Public Health

ORCID IDs

Izard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-5436

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

6-1999

Citation

Journal of Bacteriology (June 1999): 3,743–3,750

Comments

Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. Used by permission

Abstract

The treponemal fla operon is comprised of numerous motility-related genes; however, the initial gene of this operon, tap1, has no known function. A recently developed system to generate specific mutants in Treponema denticola was utilized to determine if Tap1 was essential for motility. T. denticola tap1 and flanking DNA were identified, cloned, and sequenced, and a suicide plasmid that contained tap1 interrupted with an erythromycin resistance cassette (ermF and ermAM) was constructed. Because of potential polar effects from this cassette, a second plasmid that contained tap1 interrupted with a modified erythromycin resistance cassette that lacked the putative ermF transcription terminator was constructed. Electroporation-mediated allelic exchange incorporated the interrupted tap1 genes into the T. denticola chromosome, creating Tap1-deficient mutants. Reverse transcriptase PCR revealed that the erythromycin resistance cassette within tap1 did not terminate fla operon transcription in either mutant. Moreover, the phenotypes of the two mutants were indistinguishable. These mutants lacked motion in liquid culture, were unable to spread on agar plates, and lacked flagellar filaments as determined by electron microscopy. Immunoblots revealed a marked reduction in detectable FlaB flagellar filament protein compared to that of wild type; however, flaB RNA was easily detectable, and transcription levels did not appear to be altered. The basis for the lack of filament protein expression is unknown. Immunoblotting also showed that the flagellar hook protein (FlgE) was synthesized in the Tap1-deficient mutant; however, electron microscopy revealed that the mutant possessed unusual elongated hooks of variable lengths. We propose that treponemal Tap1 is analogous to FliK, which is involved in monitoring the flagellar hook length of Salmonella typhimurium.