Use of Organic Acid Mixtures Containing 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio) Butanoic Acid (HMTBa) to Mitigate Salmonella enterica, Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Aspergillus flavus in Pet Food Kibbles

Authors

Aiswariya Deliephan, Kansas State University
Janak Dhakal, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Bhadriraju Subramanyam, Kansas State University
Charles G. Aldrich, Kansas State University

Date of this Version

2-27-2023

Citation

Deliephan, A.; Dhakal, J.; Subramanyam, B.; Aldrich, C.G. Use of Organic Acid Mixtures Containing 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio) Butanoic Acid (HMTBa) to Mitigate Salmonella enterica, Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Aspergillus flavus in Pet Food Kibbles. Animals 2023, 13, 877. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ani13050877

Comments

Open access.

Abstract

Post-processing operations of extruded pet food kibbles involve coating the product with fats and flavorings. These processes increase the risk for cross-contamination with food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and mycotoxin-producing molds such as Aspergillus spp. after the thermal kill step. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of two types of organic acid mixtures containing 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBa), Activate DA™ and Activate US WD-MAX™, against Salmonella enterica, STEC and Aspergillus flavus when used as a coating on pet food kibbles were evaluated. Using canola oil and dry dog digest as fat and flavor coatings, the efficacy of Activate DA (HMTBa + fumaric acid + benzoic acid) at 0%, 1% and 2%, and Activate US WD-MAX (HMTBa + lactic acid + phosphoric acid) at 0%, 0.5% and 1% was tested on kibbles inoculated with a cocktail of S. enterica serovars (Enteritidis, Heidelberg and Typhimurium) or Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) serovars (O121, and O26) at 37 ^oC for 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, 30 and 60 days. Similarly, their efficacy was tested against A. flavus at 25 ^oC for 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Activate DA at 2% and Activate US WD-MAX at 1% reduced Salmonella counts by ~3 logs after 12 h and 4–4.6 logs after 24 h. Similarly, STEC counts were reduced by ~2 logs and 3 logs after 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Levels of A. flavus did not vary up to 7 days, and afterwards started to decline by >2 logs in 14 days, and up to 3.8-log reduction in 28 days for Activate DA and Activate US WD-MAX at 2% and 1%, respectively. The results suggest that the use of these organic acid mixtures containing HMTBa during kibble coating may mitigate post-processing enteric pathogen and mold contamination in pet food kibbles, with Activate US WD-MAX being effective at a lower concentration (0.5–1%) compared to Activate DA.