Cardiometabolic Benefits of a Non-industrialized-type Diet Are Linked to Gut Microbiome Modulation

Authors

Fuyong Li, Zhejiang University
Anissa M. Armet, University of Alberta
Katri Korpela, University of Helsinki
Junhong Liu, University of Alberta
Rodrigo Margain Quevedo, University of Alberta
Francesco Asnicar, University of Trento
Benjamin Seethaler, University of Hohenheim
Tianna B. S. Rusnak, University of Alberta
Janis L. Cole, University of Alberta
Zhihong Zhang, Nanchang University
Shuang Zhao, The Metabolomics Innovation Centre
Adele Gagnon, University of Alberta
Edward C. Deehan, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Joao F. Mota, Federal University of Goias
Jeffrey A. Bakal, University of Alberta
Russell Greiner, University of Alberta
Dan Knights, University of Minnesota
Nicola Segata, University of Trento
Stephan C. Bischoff, University of Hohenheim
Laurie Mereu, University of Alberta
Andrea M. Haqq, University of Alberta
Catherine J. Field, University of Alberta
Liang Li, University of Alberta
Carla M. Prado, University of Alberta
Jens Walter, University College CorkFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

3-6-2025

Citation

Cell (March 6, 2025)188(5): 1,226-1,247

Article e18

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.034

Epub January 23, 2025

PMID: 39855197

Comments

Copyright 2025, the authors. Open access

License: CC BY 4.0

Abstract

Industrialization adversely affects the gut microbiome and predisposes individuals to chronic non-communicable diseases. We tested a microbiome restoration strategy comprising a diet that recapitulated key characteristics of non-industrialized dietary patterns (restore diet) and a bacterium rarely found in industrialized microbiomes (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) in a randomized controlled feeding trial in healthy Canadian adults. The restore diet, despite reducing gut microbiome diversity, enhanced the persistence of L. reuteri strain from rural Papua New Guinea (PB-W1) and redressed several microbiome features altered by industrialization. The diet also beneficially altered microbiota-derived plasma metabolites implicated in the etiology of chronic non-communicable diseases. Considerable cardiometabolic benefits were observed independently of L. reuteri administration, several of which could be accurately predicted by baseline and diet-responsive microbiome features. The findings suggest that a dietary intervention targeted toward restoring the gut microbiome can improve host-microbiome interactions that likely underpin chronic pathologies, which can guide dietary recommendations and the development of therapeutic and nutritional strategies.