Cardiometabolic Benefits of a Non-industrialized-type Diet Are Linked to Gut Microbiome Modulation

Authors

• Fuyong Li, Zhejiang University
• Anissa M. Armet, University of Alberta
• Katri Korpela, University of Helsinki
• Junhong Liu, University of Alberta
• Rodrigo Margain Quevedo, University of Alberta
• Francesco Asnicar, University of Trento
• Benjamin Seethaler, University of Hohenheim
• Tianna B. S. Rusnak, University of Alberta
• Janis L. Cole, University of Alberta
• Zhihong Zhang, Nanchang University
• Shuang Zhao, The Metabolomics Innovation Centre
• Adele Gagnon, University of Alberta
• Edward C. Deehan, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
• Joao F. Mota, Federal University of Goias
• Jeffrey A. Bakal, University of Alberta
• Russell Greiner, University of Alberta
• Dan Knights, University of Minnesota
• Nicola Segata, University of Trento
• Stephan C. Bischoff, University of Hohenheim
• Laurie Mereu, University of Alberta
• Andrea M. Haqq, University of Alberta
• Catherine J. Field, University of Alberta
• Liang Li, University of Alberta
• Carla M. Prado, University of Alberta
• Jens Walter, University College CorkFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

3-6-2025

Citation

Cell (March 6, 2025)188(5): 1,226-1,247

Article e18

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.034

Epub January 23, 2025

PMID: 39855197

Comments

Copyright 2025, the authors. Open access

License: CC BY 4.0

Abstract

Industrialization adversely affects the gut microbiome and predisposes individuals to chronic non-communicable diseases. We tested a microbiome restoration strategy comprising a diet that recapitulated key characteristics of non-industrialized dietary patterns (restore diet) and a bacterium rarely found in industrialized microbiomes (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) in a randomized controlled feeding trial in healthy Canadian adults. The restore diet, despite reducing gut microbiome diversity, enhanced the persistence of L. reuteri strain from rural Papua New Guinea (PB-W1) and redressed several microbiome features altered by industrialization. The diet also beneficially altered microbiota-derived plasma metabolites implicated in the etiology of chronic non-communicable diseases. Considerable cardiometabolic benefits were observed independently of L. reuteri administration, several of which could be accurately predicted by baseline and diet-responsive microbiome features. The findings suggest that a dietary intervention targeted toward restoring the gut microbiome can improve host-microbiome interactions that likely underpin chronic pathologies, which can guide dietary recommendations and the development of therapeutic and nutritional strategies.