Feasibility of Using Recycled Waste Plastic in Concrete Pavements in Nebraska

Authors

• Amasi Hajahja, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
• Jamilla Teixeira, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow
• George Morcous, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow

Date of this Version

3-2026

Document Type

Article

Citation

Hajahja, A., Teixeira, J. E.S.L., Marcus, G., (2026). Feasibility of Using Recycled Waste Plastic in Concrete Pavements in Nebraska, NDOT Research Report SPR-RRR(002).

Abstract

Waste plastic (WP) is a growing environmental concern due to its non-biodegradable nature, large-scale production, and harmful impact on natural resources. With nearly 75% of WP in the U.S. ending up in landfills, effective recycling strategies are urgently needed. In parallel, the limited availability of natural aggregates highlights the need for alternative materials in concrete construction. This study investigates the feasibility of using recycled waste plastic (RWP) in concrete mixtures, both as aggregates and fibers for rigid pavement applications in Nebraska. Concrete mixtures were prepared by partially replacing natural fine aggregates with recycled plastic aggregates (RPA) at replacement levels of 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume of the natural fine aggregates. Additionally, recycled plastic fibers (RPF) were incorporated into the mixtures at dosages of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by total volume of the concrete. RWP materials underwent characterization tests to compare with traditional materials. A preliminary investigation evaluated fresh properties and compressive strength to assess suitability based on Nebraska Department of Transportation standards (NDOT), using the standard (47B) pavement mixture as a control. Mixtures meeting performance criteria were selected for further testing, including splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. Fracture behavior was assessed through semi-circular bending (SCB) tests. Also, durability was evaluated using the surface resistivity test, which assesses electrical resistivity as an indication of chloride ion penetration. Results showed that the inclusion of RWP aggregates can increase workability. Statistical analysis indicates that up to 10% RPA replacement does not significantly reduce compressive strength while satisfying the standard requirements set by the NDOT for paving applications. When RWP was used as fiber, a reduction in workability was observed. Nevertheless, the addition of RWP fibers had a positive influence on the flexural strength, ductility, and cracking resistance, with an optimum content of 1.5%. Surface resistivity confirmed acceptable durability performance with respect to NDOT requirements. Overall, incorporating RWP into concrete as aggregate or fibers offers a sustainable solution by reducing WP in landfills while maintaining or improving concrete performance for pavement applications.