IDENTIFICATION OF BLACK COMMON BEAN BREEDING LINES ADAPTED TO ACID SOILS OF SOUTHERN VERACRUZ, MEXICO

Authors

Oscar Hugo Tosquy-Valle, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y PecuariasFollow
Rigoberto Zetina-Lezama, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias
Francisco Javier Ibarra-Pérez, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias
Ernesto López-Salinas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias
Aurelio Morales-Rivera, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias

Date of this Version

3-2017

Citation

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BEAN IMPROVEMENT COOPERATIVE, No. 60, March 2017. Published by USDA.

Comments

U.S. government work.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION In the area of Isla Plains and Juan Rodríguez Clara, located south of Veracruz, Mexico, beans are sown annually in low fertility acid soils, mainly Cambisols and Acrisols, of sandy texture, with pH lower than 5.0 and organic matter content less than 1.5%, which confer a low cation exchange capacity (Zetina et al., 2002). In this type of soil, low dry black bean seed yields are obtained, which may be lower than 300 kg ha^-1, particularly when there is a combined effect of soil acidity and drought (Tosquy et al., 2008). The objective of this research was to identify black bean genotypes with adaptation to low fertility acid soils of southern Veracruz with high yield efficiency when grown with and without application of dolomitic lime.

MATERIALS AND METHODS In the Fall-Winter crop season of 2015-16, two identical common bean breeding nurseries were established in an acid soil with a pH of 4.48 in the municipality of Juan Rodríguez Clara, Ver., Mexico; one nursery was conducted under natural conditions of acid soil stress while the other, 44 days before sowing, 2.9 t ha^-1 of dolomitic lime were applied to soil to reach a pH of 6.0 (Zetina et al., 2002). Fifty F₁₀ black bean recombinant inbred lines and three commercial varieties used as cultivar checks (Negro Comapa, Negro Tacaná and Negro Grijalva), developed and released by INIFAP for southeastern Mexico, were evaluated. The genotypes were planted without experimental design, in plots of a 5 m long rows with a plant density of 250,000 plants ha^-1, and check cultivars planted systematically every 10 entries. Rainfall was recorded from sowing to harvest. Seed yield in kilograms per hectare was quantified and the effect of soil acidity was estimated using the plant Relative Efficiency Index (REI) proposed by Graham (1984), which indicates the average response of each genotype, with and without application of lime, and allows to identify those genotypes with greater plant productive efficiency.