Authors
Vassya Bankova, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesFollow
Davide Bertelli, Universita` degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
Renata Borba, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
Bruno Jose Conti, Bioscience Institute
Ildenize Barbosa da Silva Cunha, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP
Carolina Danert, Universidad Nacional de Tucuma ́n (UNT)
Marcos Nogueira Eberlin, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP
Soraia I. Falcao, Instituto Polite ́cnico de Braganc ̧a, Campus de Sta. Apolo ́nia Apartado
Maria Ines Isla, Universidad Nacional de Tucuma ́n (UNT)
Mar ́ıa Ines Nieva Moreno, Universidad Nacional de Tucuma ́n (UNT)
Giulia Papotti, Universita` degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
Milena Popova, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Karina Basso Santiago, Bioscience Institute
Ana Salas, Universidad Nacional de Tucuma ́n (UNT)
Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP
Nicolas Vilczaki Schwab, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP
Jose Mauricio Sforcin, Bioscience Institute
Michael Simone-Finstrom, USDA-ARS, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Research Laboratory
Marla Spivak, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
Boryana Trusheva, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Miguel Vilas-Boas, Instituto Polite ́cnico de Braganc ̧a, Campus de Sta. Apolo ́nia Apartado
Michael Wilson, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
Catiana Zampini, Universidad Nacional de Tucuma ́n (UNT)
Date of this Version
7-21-2016
Citation
Journal of Apicultural Research, 2019 Vol. 58, No. 2, 1–49, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2016.1222661
Abstract
Propolis is one of the most fascinating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) products. It is a plant derived product that bees produce from resins that they collect from different plant organs and with which they mix beeswax. Propolis is a building material and a protective agent in the beehive. It also plays an important role in honey bee social immunity, and is widely used by humans as an ingredient of nutraceuticals, over-the-counter preparations and cosmetics. Its chemical composition varies by geographic location, climatic zone and local flora. The understanding of the chemical diversity of propolis is very important in propolis research. In this manuscript, we give an overview of the available methods for studying propolis in different aspects: propolis in the bee colony; chemical composition and plant sources of propolis; biological activity of propolis with respect to bees and humans; and approaches for standardization and quality control for the purposes of industrial application.
Comments
U.S. Government Works