U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska

 

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

2008

Comments

Published by Michael P. Heaton, PhD July 15, 2008 online at http://www.ars.usda.gov/sp2UserFiles/Place/54380570/HeatonPublications/HeatonParentage-Traceback2008o.pdf

Abstract

Why is animal ID needed?

Ways to physically label individual cattle

Disputes arise even when animal identification systems are in place

The dispute

The resolution

DNA is the label never removed from beef

A chromosome has genes and other DNA

Genes are encoded by sequences of DNA

What are SNPs?

Properties of SNPs

Ways to use DNA for traceback

Sometimes parentage testing is the last resort for DNA-based traceback

Using SNP markers for parentage

Accurate sire determination requires many DNA markers

Comparing the calf to the sire: elimination

Comparing the calf to a possible sire

The ideal parentage SNP markers

The ideal marker is frequent in all breeds

The ideal markers are evenly distributed across the genome

The ideal parentage marker scores accurately

Accurate scoring requires that SNPs

The nucleotide diversity in a typical region of the bovine genome

The consequence of 1 SNP every 80 bp

Bottom line: hidden SNPs may cause the wrong genotypes to be scored

DNA sequencing strategy: nested PCR

Parentage SNP population sequencing results

Physical map of one region with a parentage SNP

Immediate public access requested

Public access to detailed SNP information

Public internet access to flanking SNPs and allele frequencies by breed

Individual animal genotypes linked to tracefiles

Where are we now?

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