Degradation of Crude 4‑MCHM (4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol) in Sediments from Elk River, West Virginia

Authors

• Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, National Research ProgramFollow
• Denise M. Akob, National Research Program
• Mary Jo Baedecker, National Research Program
• Tracey Spencer, National Research Program
• Jeanne Jaeschke, National Research Program
• Darren S. Dunlap, The Boeing Company
• Adam C. Mumford, National Research Program
• Amisha T, Poret-Peterson, USDA, Agricultural Research Service
• Douglas B. Chambers, Virginia-West Virginia Water Science Center

ORCID IDs

0000-0002-5123-1007

0000-0003-1534-3025

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

2017

Citation

Environ. Sci. Technol. XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX

Comments

This article not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published XXXX by the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03142

Abstract

In January 2014, approximately 37 800 L of crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (crude MCHM) spilled into the Elk River, West Virginia. To understand the long-term fate of 4-MCHM, we conducted experiments under environmentally relevant conditions to assess the potential for the 2 primary compounds in crude MCHM (1) to undergo biodegradation and (2) for sediments to serve as a long-term source of 4-MCHM. We developed a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method to quantify the cis- and transisomers of 4-MCHM. Autoclaved Elk River sediment slurries sorbed 17.5% of cis-4-MCHM and 31% of trans-4-MCHM from water during the 2-week experiment. Sterilized, impacted, spill-site sediment released minor amounts of cis- and up to 35 μg/L of trans-4-MCHM into water, indicating 4-MCHM was present in sediment collected 10 months post spill. In anoxic microcosms, 300 μg/L cis- and 150 μg/L trans-4-MCHM degraded to nondetectable levels in 8−13 days in both impacted and background sediments. Under aerobic conditions, 4-MCHM isomers degraded to nondetectable levels within 4 days. Microbial communities at impacted sites differed in composition compared to background samples, but communities from both sites shifted in response to crude MCHM amendments. Our results indicate that 4-MCHM is readily biodegradable under environmentally relevant conditions.