Butterfly responses to prairie restoration through fire and grazing

Authors

Jennifer A. Vogel, Iowa State UniversityFollow
Diane M. Debinski, Iowa State UniversityFollow
Rolf R. Koford, Iowa State UniversityFollow
James R. Miller, Iowa State UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Date of this Version

2007

Citation

Biological Conservation 140 (2007) 78-90; doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.07.027

Abstract

The development of land for modern agriculture has resulted in losses of native prairie habitat. The small, isolated patches of prairie habitat that remain are threatened by fire suppression, overgrazing, and invasion by non-native species. We evaluated the effects of three restoration practices (grazing only, burning only, and burning and grazing) on the vegetation characteristics and butterfly communities of remnant prairies. Total butterfly abundance was highest on prairies that were managed with burning and grazing and lowest on those that were only burned. Butterfly species richness did not differ among any of the restoration practices. Butterfly species diversity was highest on sites that were only burned. Responses of individual butterfly species to restoration practices were highly variable. In the best predictive regression model, total butterfly abundance was negatively associated with the percent cover of bare ground and positively associated with the percent cover of forbs. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that sites with burned only and grazed only practices could be separated based on their butterfly community composition. Butterfly communities in each of the three restoration practices are equally species rich but different practices yield compositionally different butterfly communities. Because of this variation in butterfly species responses to different restoration practices, there is no single practice that will benefit all species or even all species within habitat-specialist or habitat generalist habitat guilds.